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<p>The electrochemical dissolution behavior of copper in sodium chloride and sodium sulfate electrolytes is analyzed mainly by measuring polarization curves. The nature and the influence of the surface film formed at the limiting current density plateau, on the reaction mechanism and etching behavior were examined. For high current densities, novel complexation mechanisms for the dissolution were assumed. These “Solvo-Chlorination” and “Solvo-Sulfatization” mechanisms were similar to the “Solvo-Nitration” mechanism that has recently been postulated for nitrate electrolytes. Differences in the limiting current density and the re-rise voltage (15–35&#xa0;V in NaCl, 35&#xa0;V in Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) were strongly connected to the properties of the surface film and the valence of dissolution.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The dissolution mechanism of copper during high-rate electrochemical machining in chloride and sulfate electrolytes is investigated mainly by polarization studies. A similar change in reaction mechanism as postulated for nitrate electrolytes including the formed surface films can be assumed. However, the nature of the surface films differs.&#xa0;Institute Twitter/X account: @Fraunhofer ISE.</p> <p></p>

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Reaction mechanisms of high-rate copper electrochemical machining in chloride and sulfate electrolytes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Leonie Jakob,
  • Lasse Rieck,
  • Jonas Bartsch,
  • Ingo Krossing

摘要

The electrochemical dissolution behavior of copper in sodium chloride and sodium sulfate electrolytes is analyzed mainly by measuring polarization curves. The nature and the influence of the surface film formed at the limiting current density plateau, on the reaction mechanism and etching behavior were examined. For high current densities, novel complexation mechanisms for the dissolution were assumed. These “Solvo-Chlorination” and “Solvo-Sulfatization” mechanisms were similar to the “Solvo-Nitration” mechanism that has recently been postulated for nitrate electrolytes. Differences in the limiting current density and the re-rise voltage (15–35 V in NaCl, 35 V in Na2SO4) were strongly connected to the properties of the surface film and the valence of dissolution.

Graphical abstract

The dissolution mechanism of copper during high-rate electrochemical machining in chloride and sulfate electrolytes is investigated mainly by polarization studies. A similar change in reaction mechanism as postulated for nitrate electrolytes including the formed surface films can be assumed. However, the nature of the surface films differs. Institute Twitter/X account: @Fraunhofer ISE.