<p>Transition metal sulfides are promising supercapacitor electrode materials due to their unique electrochemical characteristics. However, their application in energy storage systems is often limited by issues such as agglomeration and a relatively low specific surface area. This study introduces a novel method using the porous organic polymer MMP as a precursor for creating porous carbon, designated as MMPC. Through high-temperature activation, MMPC was developed. Subsequently, the MMPC@CoS₂ composites were prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal technique, with MMPC serving as the substrate. This research explores the relationships between reaction temperature, the MMPC to CoS₂ ratio, and the electrochemical characteristics of the composites. Results indicated that MMPC@CoS2-160-1.5 composites possessed a higher specific surface area and enhanced microporosity in contrast with pure CoS₂. The specific capacitance of MMPC@CoS2-160-1.5 reached 1056.6 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, with a decrease to only 21.8% at a CD of 10 A g⁻¹. When configured into MMPC@CoS2-160-1.5//MMPC asymmetric supercapacitors, the composites achieved energy densities of 24.1 and 15.8 Wh kg⁻¹ at power densities of 751 and 7675 W kg⁻¹, separately, maintaining 83.3% capacitance after 5000 charge–discharge cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. These findings underscore the potential of the MMPC@CoS2-160-1.5 composite as a supercapacitor electrode material.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>