<p>Cobalt oxide was chosen as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of 890 mAh g⁻¹. Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide cryogel was utilized to address challenges related to substantial volume changes during charge–discharge cycles and low electrical conductivity. Three nanocomposite samples containing 30%, 50%, and 70% cobalt oxide content, respectively, with a progressive increase in cobalt oxide content were synthesized through hydrothermal and calcination steps. Electrochemical investigations, including charge–discharge capacity and rate capability measurements, were carried out to assess the anodes’ electrochemical performance. The results indicate that the presence of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide cryogel significantly impacts the lithium-storage properties of the anodes. According to electrochemical results, The optimal concentration of cobalt oxide nanoparticles anchored on the graphene sheets was achieved in the sample containing 50% cobalt oxide. This composition demonstrated a capacity of 1292 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 89 mA g⁻¹.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>