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<p>In this study, alkali lignin derived from alkaline paper pulping waste liquids was modified through phosphorylation to obtain phosphorylated lignin. Subsequently, lead-phosphorylated lignin composite anodes were prepared by employing powder metallurgy and mechanical alloying techniques. The phosphorylated lignin was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and its electrochemical properties were evaluated under conditions simulating zinc electrowinning. The results indicate that phosphorus was uniformly distributed on the lignin, with a content of 1.96%, as revealed by X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of P=O and O=P–O–C bonds in the phosphorylated lignin, while XPS indicated a phosphorus content of 1.01wt%. The Pb-0.6wt% phosphorylated lignin composite anode exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance, with a voltammetric charge quantity of 0.80 C cm<sup>2</sup>, which is 1.2 times higher than that of the pure lead anode. The electric double-layer capacitance was 0.01881 F cm⁻<sup>2</sup>, 1.89 times higher than that of the pure lead anode. Under a current density of 500 A m⁻<sup>2</sup>, when the phosphorylated lignin content in the composite anode increased from 0.3 to 1.2wt%, the oxygen evolution steady-state potentials of the composite anode materials were 1.581&#xa0;V, 1.562&#xa0;V, 1.577&#xa0;V, and 1.585&#xa0;V, respectively. When the doping amount was 0.6wt%, the oxygen evolution steady-state potential of the composite anode decreased by 91&#xa0;mV compared to the pure lead anode, and the corrosion rate decreased by 20.9% relative to the pure lead anode.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced electrocatalytic lead-based anodes with phosphorylated lignin for oxygen evolution reaction in zinc electrowinning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月25日

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  • Qikun Li,
  • Changjiang Yang,
  • Chenpei Zhang,
  • Yunlong Yin,
  • Lihua Zhang

摘要

In this study, alkali lignin derived from alkaline paper pulping waste liquids was modified through phosphorylation to obtain phosphorylated lignin. Subsequently, lead-phosphorylated lignin composite anodes were prepared by employing powder metallurgy and mechanical alloying techniques. The phosphorylated lignin was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and its electrochemical properties were evaluated under conditions simulating zinc electrowinning. The results indicate that phosphorus was uniformly distributed on the lignin, with a content of 1.96%, as revealed by X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of P=O and O=P–O–C bonds in the phosphorylated lignin, while XPS indicated a phosphorus content of 1.01wt%. The Pb-0.6wt% phosphorylated lignin composite anode exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance, with a voltammetric charge quantity of 0.80 C cm2, which is 1.2 times higher than that of the pure lead anode. The electric double-layer capacitance was 0.01881 F cm⁻2, 1.89 times higher than that of the pure lead anode. Under a current density of 500 A m⁻2, when the phosphorylated lignin content in the composite anode increased from 0.3 to 1.2wt%, the oxygen evolution steady-state potentials of the composite anode materials were 1.581 V, 1.562 V, 1.577 V, and 1.585 V, respectively. When the doping amount was 0.6wt%, the oxygen evolution steady-state potential of the composite anode decreased by 91 mV compared to the pure lead anode, and the corrosion rate decreased by 20.9% relative to the pure lead anode.

Graphical abstract