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Abstract <p>Lithium-ion batteries have been extensively utilized in energy storage applications, with high-capacity lithium iron phosphate batteries being increasingly employed not only in energy storage power stations for grid stabilization but also in high-energy-demand vehicles, such as long-distance buses and trucks. As the deployment of these batteries has expanded, concerns regarding their safety have become more pronounced. This study investigated the thermal runaway gas production behavior of a 340 Ah high-capacity lithium iron phosphate battery under the combined effects of thermal and mechanical abuse at various locations. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the thermal runaway gas temperature at different points above the battery, the surface temperature of the battery, and the mass loss of the battery before and after thermal runaway. Furthermore, the feasibility of mitigating thermal runaway in a passenger vehicle battery pack was explored through the use of a fire blanket and a cofferdam irrigation system. The results revealed that when thermal abuse alone triggered thermal runaway in the 340 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery, the safety valve remained closed for approximately 60&#xa0;s without releasing thermal runaway gases, leading to a relatively low intensity of thermal runaway. However, continued mechanical abuse induced a secondary thermal runaway, which escalated in intensity. The study identified that the critical failure point occurred near the front of the battery, close to the safety valve, with minimal effect on the battery’s surface temperature. Experimental validation demonstrated that the combination of a fire blanket and cofferdam irrigation was effective in suppressing thermal runaway, extinguishing the fire and cooling the battery rapidly, while causing minimal damage to the vehicle. This research provided valuable insights into the establishment of thermal runaway warning thresholds and proposed novel strategies for mitigating thermal runaway events in high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Investigation of thermal runaway behavior in 340 Ah LiFePO4 batteries under coupled thermal and mechanical abuse conditions, and evaluation of the feasibility of thermal runaway suppression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月8日

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  • Qihou Zhang,
  • Jialing Liu,
  • Zhijian Zhang,
  • Sicheng Li

摘要

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries have been extensively utilized in energy storage applications, with high-capacity lithium iron phosphate batteries being increasingly employed not only in energy storage power stations for grid stabilization but also in high-energy-demand vehicles, such as long-distance buses and trucks. As the deployment of these batteries has expanded, concerns regarding their safety have become more pronounced. This study investigated the thermal runaway gas production behavior of a 340 Ah high-capacity lithium iron phosphate battery under the combined effects of thermal and mechanical abuse at various locations. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the thermal runaway gas temperature at different points above the battery, the surface temperature of the battery, and the mass loss of the battery before and after thermal runaway. Furthermore, the feasibility of mitigating thermal runaway in a passenger vehicle battery pack was explored through the use of a fire blanket and a cofferdam irrigation system. The results revealed that when thermal abuse alone triggered thermal runaway in the 340 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery, the safety valve remained closed for approximately 60 s without releasing thermal runaway gases, leading to a relatively low intensity of thermal runaway. However, continued mechanical abuse induced a secondary thermal runaway, which escalated in intensity. The study identified that the critical failure point occurred near the front of the battery, close to the safety valve, with minimal effect on the battery’s surface temperature. Experimental validation demonstrated that the combination of a fire blanket and cofferdam irrigation was effective in suppressing thermal runaway, extinguishing the fire and cooling the battery rapidly, while causing minimal damage to the vehicle. This research provided valuable insights into the establishment of thermal runaway warning thresholds and proposed novel strategies for mitigating thermal runaway events in high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.

Graphical Abstract