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Purpose <p>Contact lens wear is a major risk factor for infectious keratitis, this study compared demographics, predisposing factors, and microorganisms in infectious keratitis between non-contact lens (NCL), optical contact lens (OCL) and bandage contact lens (BCL) wearers.</p> Methods <p>This was a cross-sectional observational study based on retrospectively collected data from a consecutive series of patients with bacterial or fungal keratitis conducted between 2009 and 2020. Data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, predisposing factors, and associated microorganisms.</p> Results <p>536 infectious keratitis were analyzed (NCL: 362, 67.5%; CL: 174, 32.5%). Of the CL-group, 31 (17.8%) used BCL and 143 (82.2%) OCL. NCL-group was older than CL-group (47 vs. 25&#xa0;years; p &lt; 0.001). Females were more common in CL than NCL-wearers (119/174, 68.4% vs. 143/342, 39.5%; p &lt; 0.001). NCL-group, as compared to CL-wearers, showed more vegetal (34/362, 9.4% vs. 2/174, 1.1%; p &lt; 0.001) and non-vegetal (58/362, 16.0% vs. 6/174, 3.4%; p &lt; 0.001) trauma. The positive culture rate was 56.7% (304/536). NCL-group, as compared to CL-wearers, had more gram-positive (110/362, 54.5% vs. 27/174, 26.5%; p &lt; 0.001), more fungal (50/362, 24.8% vs. 10/174, 9.8%; p = 0.01), and fewer gram-negative (64/362, 31.6% vs. 73/174, 71.6%; p &lt; 0.001). BCL, as compared to OCL, showed more gram-positive (10/31, 55.6% vs. 17/143, 20.2%; p = 0.01) and fewer gram-negative (10/31, 55.6%vs. 63/143, 75.0%; p = 0.01) bacteria. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> was the primary bacteria, and <i>Fusarium spp.</i> was the primary fungus. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was more common in CL-wearers than NCL-group (67/174, 65.7% vs. 46/362, 22.8%; p = 0.02). Gram-negative was associated with OCL use (OR 1.96, CI 1.06–3.64; p = 0.03) and hypopyon (OR 3.39, CI 2.07–5.56; p &lt; 0.001). Vegetal trauma was associated with fungal keratitis (OR 3.11, CI 1.20–8.05; p = 0.02).</p> Conclusions <p>CL use and trauma were key predisposing factors for infectious keratitis. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. predominated, with higher <i>P. aeruginosa</i> rates in CL-wearers, fungal infections in NCL-wearers, and more gram-negative isolates in OCL- than in BCL-wearers. These findings provide insight into microbiological trends in Mexico and support targeted preventive strategies.</p>

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Bacterial and fungal keratitis in Northeast Mexico: demographic, predisposing, and microbiological differences among non-contact lens, optical contact lens, and bandage contact lens wearers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Karim Mohamed-Noriega,
  • Karen Margarita Saldaña-Rodríguez,
  • Sergio Ayala-De la Cruz,
  • Fernando Morales-Wong,
  • Alberto J. Cavazos-Támez,
  • Edgar E. Martínez-Morales,
  • Gerardo González-Morones,
  • Gerardo Villareal-Méndez,
  • Jorge Martín Llaca-Díaz,
  • Jesús Mohamed-Hamsho

摘要

Purpose

Contact lens wear is a major risk factor for infectious keratitis, this study compared demographics, predisposing factors, and microorganisms in infectious keratitis between non-contact lens (NCL), optical contact lens (OCL) and bandage contact lens (BCL) wearers.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional observational study based on retrospectively collected data from a consecutive series of patients with bacterial or fungal keratitis conducted between 2009 and 2020. Data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, predisposing factors, and associated microorganisms.

Results

536 infectious keratitis were analyzed (NCL: 362, 67.5%; CL: 174, 32.5%). Of the CL-group, 31 (17.8%) used BCL and 143 (82.2%) OCL. NCL-group was older than CL-group (47 vs. 25 years; p < 0.001). Females were more common in CL than NCL-wearers (119/174, 68.4% vs. 143/342, 39.5%; p < 0.001). NCL-group, as compared to CL-wearers, showed more vegetal (34/362, 9.4% vs. 2/174, 1.1%; p < 0.001) and non-vegetal (58/362, 16.0% vs. 6/174, 3.4%; p < 0.001) trauma. The positive culture rate was 56.7% (304/536). NCL-group, as compared to CL-wearers, had more gram-positive (110/362, 54.5% vs. 27/174, 26.5%; p < 0.001), more fungal (50/362, 24.8% vs. 10/174, 9.8%; p = 0.01), and fewer gram-negative (64/362, 31.6% vs. 73/174, 71.6%; p < 0.001). BCL, as compared to OCL, showed more gram-positive (10/31, 55.6% vs. 17/143, 20.2%; p = 0.01) and fewer gram-negative (10/31, 55.6%vs. 63/143, 75.0%; p = 0.01) bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the primary bacteria, and Fusarium spp. was the primary fungus. P. aeruginosa was more common in CL-wearers than NCL-group (67/174, 65.7% vs. 46/362, 22.8%; p = 0.02). Gram-negative was associated with OCL use (OR 1.96, CI 1.06–3.64; p = 0.03) and hypopyon (OR 3.39, CI 2.07–5.56; p < 0.001). Vegetal trauma was associated with fungal keratitis (OR 3.11, CI 1.20–8.05; p = 0.02).

Conclusions

CL use and trauma were key predisposing factors for infectious keratitis. P. aeruginosa and Fusarium spp. predominated, with higher P. aeruginosa rates in CL-wearers, fungal infections in NCL-wearers, and more gram-negative isolates in OCL- than in BCL-wearers. These findings provide insight into microbiological trends in Mexico and support targeted preventive strategies.