Background <p>Glaucoma is an irreversible blinding eye disease caused by elevated intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork plays a major role in maintaining intraocular pressure homeostasis and regulating aqueous humor outflow, with its drainage function responding to different mechanical stimuli.</p> Findings <p>Studies in glaucoma patients and high intraocular pressure animal models reveal that abnormal elevation of intraocular pressure is frequently accompanied by changes in the biomechanical parameters of the trabecular meshwork (at the tissue, cellular, and extracellular matrix levels). Abnormalities in these biomechanical parameters affect aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Consequently, abnormal trabecular meshwork biomechanics may be a key factor contributing to the inadequate efficacy of intraocular pressure-lowering drugs in glaucoma patients.</p> Conclusion <p>Abnormal biomechanical properties of the trabecular meshwork play a critical role inaqueous humor outflow disorders.</p> Significance <p>This understanding enhances insight into theimportance of abnormal trabecular meshwork biomechanics and provides a reference for exploringnovel targeted drugs aimed at improving trabecular meshwork aqueous humor drainage function.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>