Background <p>Infectious keratitis remains a significant cause of vision impairment worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Vietnam, where socio-economic factors and environmental conditions contribute to its prevalence.</p> Purposes <p>This study aims to investigate the epidemiology, risk factors, and microbiological causes of infectious keratitis at Ho Chi Minh City Eye Hospital, Vietnam, from August 2019 to January 2020.</p> Methods <p>A descriptive study of 56 cases was analyzed using microbiological tests, including smear microscopy, culture, and RT-PCR.</p> Results <p>Bacterial and fungal pathogens were the most common causes of infection, each responsible for approximately 35.71% of cases, with 17.86% exhibiting polymicrobial infections. Risk factors for infectious keratitis included trauma, systemic conditions like diabetes, and ocular conditions such as previous herpetic keratitis. Furthermore, RT-PCR was found to be more sensitive than traditional culture methods in detecting bacterial pathogens.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings underscore the importance of timely intervention and improved diagnostic methods to mitigate the burden of infectious keratitis in Vietnam.</p>