Unveiling challenging corneal infections: a comprehensive etiological diagnosis through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of corneal tissue samples

The objective of this study was to assess the clinical diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in cases of challenging corneal infections using corneal tissue samples.

This retrospective study involved 42 patients with corneal infections, where conventional diagnostic techniques failed to identify the causative pathogen. Corneal tissue specimens underwent mNGS, followed by microbial culture for validation. Sensitivity-guided antimicrobial therapy was administered upon identification of the pathogen. The diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of mNGS was analyzed to evaluate its clinical utility.

A total of 42 patients were included in this study, with mNGS detection results obtained for 38 cases (90.48%). Among them, 30 cases (71.43%) were clinically significant, eight cases (19.05%) had low clinical relevance, and four cases (9.52%) showed no detection. Following corresponding antimicrobial treatment, 30 patients exhibited significant improvement, resulting in a treatment effectiveness of 71.43%. The prognosis of mNGS-positive patients was superior to that of mNGS-negative patients, with statistically significant differences observed (P < 0.001).

Corneal tissue mNGS facilitated the rapid identification of causative agents in challenging corneal infections with unclear clinical diagnoses. It could be seamlessly integrated with traditional diagnostic methods to guide the diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases.