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Objectives <p>To evaluate the anti-arthritic and disease-modifying potential of stigmasterol (STG), a plant-derived bioactive compound, in Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA)–induced polyarthritis in rats.</p> Design <p>Experimental arthritis was induced in albino Wistar rats using FCA. The anti-arthritic efficacy of STG was assessed through primary and secondary paw edema, arthritis index, and body-weight changes. Biochemical, haematological, and immunological parameters were evaluated, along with mRNA expression of key mediators using RT-PCR. Histopathological analysis of bone, kidney, and spleen tissues, as well as macroscopic and radiographic joint assessments, was performed. STG was administered orally at doses of 150 and 300&#xa0;mg/kg and compared with methotrexate (MTX).</p> Results <p>FCA induction produced severe arthritic manifestations, including marked paw swelling, an elevated arthritis index, increased rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide levels, and upregulation of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, IRAK, and IL-17), along with radiographic joint damage and histopathological abnormalities. STG treatment significantly reduced paw edema, improved arthritis severity, and normalized biochemical and haematological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. The higher dose (300&#xa0;mg/kg) showed efficacy comparable to MTX and significantly enhanced IL-10 expression, indicating restoration of immune balance.</p> Conclusion <p>Stigmasterol exhibits potent anti-arthritic, disease-modifying, and organ-protective effects in FCA-induced arthritis, highlighting its therapeutic potential in arthritis management.</p>

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Stigmasterol ameliorates Freund’s complete adjuvant–induced polyarthritis in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Ganapathy Vishnuram,
  • Ramamoorthy Purushothaman,
  • Thirugnanasambandam Ramanathan

摘要

Objectives

To evaluate the anti-arthritic and disease-modifying potential of stigmasterol (STG), a plant-derived bioactive compound, in Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA)–induced polyarthritis in rats.

Design

Experimental arthritis was induced in albino Wistar rats using FCA. The anti-arthritic efficacy of STG was assessed through primary and secondary paw edema, arthritis index, and body-weight changes. Biochemical, haematological, and immunological parameters were evaluated, along with mRNA expression of key mediators using RT-PCR. Histopathological analysis of bone, kidney, and spleen tissues, as well as macroscopic and radiographic joint assessments, was performed. STG was administered orally at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg and compared with methotrexate (MTX).

Results

FCA induction produced severe arthritic manifestations, including marked paw swelling, an elevated arthritis index, increased rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide levels, and upregulation of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, IRAK, and IL-17), along with radiographic joint damage and histopathological abnormalities. STG treatment significantly reduced paw edema, improved arthritis severity, and normalized biochemical and haematological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. The higher dose (300 mg/kg) showed efficacy comparable to MTX and significantly enhanced IL-10 expression, indicating restoration of immune balance.

Conclusion

Stigmasterol exhibits potent anti-arthritic, disease-modifying, and organ-protective effects in FCA-induced arthritis, highlighting its therapeutic potential in arthritis management.