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<p>Cerebral ischemia, a major cause of death and disability worldwide, results from restricted cerebral blood flow leading to neuronal damage. Despite the availability of thrombolytic and mechanical interventions, their limited therapeutic window and high cost necessitate exploration of affordable, multi-target neuroprotective strategies. <i>Albizia procera</i> (Roxb.) Benth., a medicinal plant rich in flavonoids and saponins, has been traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of <i>Albizia procera leaves</i> (APL) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (GCIRI) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (BCCAO/R) and received APL (100, 200, or 400&#xa0;mg/kg, p.o.) or quercetin (25&#xa0;mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 consecutive days before ischemia induction. Neurological, behavioural, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were assessed to determine neuroprotection. Pretreatment with APL significantly reduced infarct size and brain edema, improved neurological and sensorimotor functions, and restored behavioral performance in ischemic rats. APL also attenuated oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA) and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH). Furthermore, it markedly decreased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), indicating suppression of neuroinflammation. Histopathological analysis revealed that APL preserved hippocampal neuronal integrity and reduced pyknosis and vacuolation in a dose-dependent manner. The highest neuroprotective efficacy was observed at 400&#xa0;mg/kg, comparable to quercetin. These findings suggest that <i>Albizia procera</i> exerts significant neuroprotection by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, and may serve as a promising phytotherapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke management.</p>

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Neuroprotective role of Albizia procera in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Wasim Akhtar,
  • Mohd Muazzam Khan,
  • Sanjay Kumar,
  • Mohd Khalid Raza,
  • Usama Ahmad

摘要

Cerebral ischemia, a major cause of death and disability worldwide, results from restricted cerebral blood flow leading to neuronal damage. Despite the availability of thrombolytic and mechanical interventions, their limited therapeutic window and high cost necessitate exploration of affordable, multi-target neuroprotective strategies. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth., a medicinal plant rich in flavonoids and saponins, has been traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of Albizia procera leaves (APL) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (GCIRI) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (BCCAO/R) and received APL (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) or quercetin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 consecutive days before ischemia induction. Neurological, behavioural, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were assessed to determine neuroprotection. Pretreatment with APL significantly reduced infarct size and brain edema, improved neurological and sensorimotor functions, and restored behavioral performance in ischemic rats. APL also attenuated oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA) and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH). Furthermore, it markedly decreased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), indicating suppression of neuroinflammation. Histopathological analysis revealed that APL preserved hippocampal neuronal integrity and reduced pyknosis and vacuolation in a dose-dependent manner. The highest neuroprotective efficacy was observed at 400 mg/kg, comparable to quercetin. These findings suggest that Albizia procera exerts significant neuroprotection by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, and may serve as a promising phytotherapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke management.