<p>With their precise, regulated release of therapeutic ingredients, polymer-based therapies provide a revolutionary approach to drug delivery. Production of nanoparticles and micelles to improve therapeutic efficacy, surface changes for targeted delivery, and structural engineering for controlled drug release are important approaches in polymer design. By limiting off-target effects and improving medication efficacy, surface modifications like PEGylation and ligand functionalisation enable designed drug delivery to organs. By shielding therapeutic chemicals from deterioration and enabling their regulated release within the body, polymeric nanoparticles and micelles enhance drug delivery even more. Polymer-based treatments are used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological conditions. These technologies allow for site-specific medication release by making use of the distinct biochemical characteristics of sick or inflammatory tissues, such as localised acidity or elevated ROS levels. Polymer-based solutions could transform treatment outcomes by decreasing systemic side effects and focussing on localised inflammation. To further improve patient care, future research will concentrate on enhancing these systems’ specificity, effectiveness, and clinical translation.</p>