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<p>This study traces the role of Manipravalam in the doctrinal debate over the nineteenth and twentieth century. In particular, the debate centers around the practice of those who utter the sacred formula (<i>mantra</i>), the Dvaya, for surrendering to God, Viṣṇu-Nārāyaṇa, by themselves without depending on their teachers or <i>ācārya</i>s. To understand the development of this controversy, this study charts its genealogy, which begins with the&#xa0;<i>Rahasyatrayasāram</i>&#xa0;of a fourteenth-century Śrīvaiṣṇava author, Vedānta Deśika. It then explores the heated moment of the debate in the Manipravalam&#xa0;commentaries of the&#xa0;<i>Rahasyatrayasāram</i>&#xa0;by two modern authors, namely Iñcimēṭu Raṅganāthācārya and Uttamūr Vīrarāghavācārya. This research ultimately proposes that Manipravalam remains a major part of the Śrīvaiṣṇava doctrinal discussion from the past to the present.</p>

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How to Surrender: The Modern Manipravalam Debate on Those Who Utter the Dvaya Mantra (ukti-niṣṭhā)

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Manasicha Akepiyapornchai

摘要

This study traces the role of Manipravalam in the doctrinal debate over the nineteenth and twentieth century. In particular, the debate centers around the practice of those who utter the sacred formula (mantra), the Dvaya, for surrendering to God, Viṣṇu-Nārāyaṇa, by themselves without depending on their teachers or ācāryas. To understand the development of this controversy, this study charts its genealogy, which begins with the Rahasyatrayasāram of a fourteenth-century Śrīvaiṣṇava author, Vedānta Deśika. It then explores the heated moment of the debate in the Manipravalam commentaries of the Rahasyatrayasāram by two modern authors, namely Iñcimēṭu Raṅganāthācārya and Uttamūr Vīrarāghavācārya. This research ultimately proposes that Manipravalam remains a major part of the Śrīvaiṣṇava doctrinal discussion from the past to the present.