<p>The main types of ammunition used in modern military operations, the behavior of the shock wave generated by the explosion in the atmosphere, and its spatial and temporal impact on obstacles have been considered. A structural model in which the building structure is represented by a discrete inertial elastic system and the effect of the shock wave is modeled as an impulsive load has been analyzed. Exact solutions have been presented for the case of a linear elastic system and a load subjected to the instantaneous and rectangular impulse. These solutions have proved preferable for deriving approximate engineering formulas used in the analysis of common types of building structures or for accurately defining initial conditions in the numerical integration of the motion equations for discrete systems under the action of the shock wave using commercial software systems.</p>