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<p> High transmission rates in 5G cellular networks can effectively promote the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities. However, the demand for large-capacity data transmission may overload 5G networks due to limited spectrum resources, as current mobile communication systems cannot meet the exponentially growing demand for wireless data traffic. To enable efficient Device-to-Device (D2D) communication within cellular networks, effective resource management is critical. Therefore, designing a reasonable and efficient resource allocation method remains a key research focus. This paper addresses the power control problem for both cellular and D2D users by proposing a hierarchical game-based joint power allocation and transmission rate control algorithm. First, the maximum transmit power is calculated for cellular users and D2D users, followed by a mathematical modeling of the joint transmit power optimization problem. Second, Stackelberg hierarchical game theory is applied to solve the optimization problem. Finally, simulations validate the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the network transmission rate by approximately 8.93% compared to optimizing D2D user power alone. Additionally, real-world scenario testing and case analysis provide practical experimental support for the theoretical framework, highlighting the method’s practical application value.</p>

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Joint Power Allocation and Transmission Rate Control Based on Stackelberg Game Theory for D2D Communications in Underlaying Cellular Network

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Chi Zhang,
  • Songhua Hu,
  • Hengxin Wang

摘要

High transmission rates in 5G cellular networks can effectively promote the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities. However, the demand for large-capacity data transmission may overload 5G networks due to limited spectrum resources, as current mobile communication systems cannot meet the exponentially growing demand for wireless data traffic. To enable efficient Device-to-Device (D2D) communication within cellular networks, effective resource management is critical. Therefore, designing a reasonable and efficient resource allocation method remains a key research focus. This paper addresses the power control problem for both cellular and D2D users by proposing a hierarchical game-based joint power allocation and transmission rate control algorithm. First, the maximum transmit power is calculated for cellular users and D2D users, followed by a mathematical modeling of the joint transmit power optimization problem. Second, Stackelberg hierarchical game theory is applied to solve the optimization problem. Finally, simulations validate the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the network transmission rate by approximately 8.93% compared to optimizing D2D user power alone. Additionally, real-world scenario testing and case analysis provide practical experimental support for the theoretical framework, highlighting the method’s practical application value.