Higher education orientation in Türkiye: a cross-educational questionnaire validation and reliability study

The present study aims to validate the Higher Education Orientations Questionnaire (HEOQ) among Turkish university students. The research comprises two studies: 201 Turkish university students were recruited for study 1, while 371 students took part in study 2. The HEOQ was translated in study 1. In study 2, criterion validity was tested by forming a hierarchical regression model on career decision self-efficacy. The HEOQ had adequate fit and measures for validity and reliability in the Turkish sample. Career decision self-efficacy was positively predicted by profession and negatively predicted by external orientation. Implications are presented for career development of university students.