<p>This work presents a first-principles geometric derivation of the Born rule (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rho = |\psi |^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) within a quaternionic Einstein–Cartan–Kibble–Sciama (ECKS) framework. We represent the Dirac field as a biquaternionic (complexified-quaternionic) spinor—equivalently, as an internal <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{SU}(2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>SU</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> doublet of ordinary complex Dirac spinors—and treat spacetime geometry as composite, built from spinor bilinears. Probability is formulated covariantly through a conserved current <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(J^\mu [\Psi ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whose hypersurface flux defines <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {P}(\Sigma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Imposing locality, internal gauge invariance, observer-independent positivity, on-shell conservation, dimensional consistency, and universality (coupling-independence) selects <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(J^\mu \propto \bar{\Psi }\gamma ^\mu \Psi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msup> <mo>∝</mo> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> <msup> <mi>γ</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, yielding the induced density <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rho _{(n)}=-J^\mu n_\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msup> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and hence <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rho =\Psi ^\dagger \Psi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> <mo>†</mo> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the local rest frame. Harrison-style amplitude rescalings generate deformed measures that violate these requirements and are incompatible with the constrained variational principle that enforces the composite geometry map. The Born rule thus appears as a rigidity property of the spinor–geometry correspondence rather than a phenomenological postulate.</p>

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Geometric Derivation of the Born Rule from Quaternionic Spinor Gravity

  • Julian G. B. Northey

摘要

This work presents a first-principles geometric derivation of the Born rule ( \(\rho = |\psi |^2\) ρ = | ψ | 2 ) within a quaternionic Einstein–Cartan–Kibble–Sciama (ECKS) framework. We represent the Dirac field as a biquaternionic (complexified-quaternionic) spinor—equivalently, as an internal \(\textrm{SU}(2)\) SU ( 2 ) doublet of ordinary complex Dirac spinors—and treat spacetime geometry as composite, built from spinor bilinears. Probability is formulated covariantly through a conserved current \(J^\mu [\Psi ]\) J μ [ Ψ ] whose hypersurface flux defines \(\mathbb {P}(\Sigma )\) P ( Σ ) . Imposing locality, internal gauge invariance, observer-independent positivity, on-shell conservation, dimensional consistency, and universality (coupling-independence) selects \(J^\mu \propto \bar{\Psi }\gamma ^\mu \Psi \) J μ Ψ ¯ γ μ Ψ , yielding the induced density \(\rho _{(n)}=-J^\mu n_\mu \) ρ ( n ) = - J μ n μ and hence \(\rho =\Psi ^\dagger \Psi \) ρ = Ψ Ψ in the local rest frame. Harrison-style amplitude rescalings generate deformed measures that violate these requirements and are incompatible with the constrained variational principle that enforces the composite geometry map. The Born rule thus appears as a rigidity property of the spinor–geometry correspondence rather than a phenomenological postulate.