<p>We consider an ensemble of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5931_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2\times 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> normal matrices with complex entries representing operators in the quantum mechanics of 2 - level parity-time reversal (PT) symmetric systems. The randomness of the ensemble is endowed by obtaining probability distributions based on symmetry and statistical independence. The probability densities turn out to be power law with exponents that depend on the boundedness of the domain. For small spacings, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5931_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the probability density varies as <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5931_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma ^{\nu }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>σ</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5931_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nu \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The degree of level repulsion is a parameter of great interest as it makes a connection to quantum chaos; the lower bound of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5931_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ν</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for our ensemble coincides with the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble. We believe that the systematic development presented here paves the way for further generalizations in the field of random matrix theory for PT-symmetric quantum systems.</p>

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PT-Symmetric SU(2) - like Random Matrix Ensembles: Invariant Distributions and Spectral Fluctuations

  • Stalin Abraham,
  • A. Bhagwat,
  • Sudhir Ranjan Jain

摘要

We consider an ensemble of \(2\times 2\) 2 × 2 normal matrices with complex entries representing operators in the quantum mechanics of 2 - level parity-time reversal (PT) symmetric systems. The randomness of the ensemble is endowed by obtaining probability distributions based on symmetry and statistical independence. The probability densities turn out to be power law with exponents that depend on the boundedness of the domain. For small spacings, \(\sigma \) σ , the probability density varies as \(\sigma ^{\nu }\) σ ν , \(\nu \ge 2\) ν 2 . The degree of level repulsion is a parameter of great interest as it makes a connection to quantum chaos; the lower bound of \(\nu \) ν for our ensemble coincides with the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble. We believe that the systematic development presented here paves the way for further generalizations in the field of random matrix theory for PT-symmetric quantum systems.