<p>We investigate the inflation for the quartic hilltop model via a certain type of modified gravity. Precisely, we analyze the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5922_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F(\phi ) T\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> term in the Einstein’s gravity to examine the quartic hilltop inflation model. <i>T</i> is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5922_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the inflaton field. Next, we calculate the inflation dynamics for the foregoing model and obtain the slow-roll parameters, i.e., the scalar spectral index “<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5922_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n_s\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>” and the tensor-to-scale ratio “<i>r</i>”, which these parameters exhibit high sensitivity to the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5922_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F(\phi ) T\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> term. This modified form of the gravity is not only in accordance with the predictions of the original model but also allows for better prediction of the Planck/BICEP/Keck data.</p>

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The Inflationary Quartic Hilltop Model in a Modified Gravity and Its Comparison with the Observations

  • Feyzollah Younesizadeh,
  • Davoud Kamani

摘要

We investigate the inflation for the quartic hilltop model via a certain type of modified gravity. Precisely, we analyze the \(F(\phi ) T\) F ( ϕ ) T term in the Einstein’s gravity to examine the quartic hilltop inflation model. T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, and \(\phi \) ϕ is the inflaton field. Next, we calculate the inflation dynamics for the foregoing model and obtain the slow-roll parameters, i.e., the scalar spectral index “ \(n_s\) n s ” and the tensor-to-scale ratio “r”, which these parameters exhibit high sensitivity to the \(F(\phi ) T\) F ( ϕ ) T term. This modified form of the gravity is not only in accordance with the predictions of the original model but also allows for better prediction of the Planck/BICEP/Keck data.