<p>Motivated by the growing attention devoted to the Quantum Chromodynamics sector of the Standard Model, and the recent observations of non-standard hadronic states, a possible substructure of quarks <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5908_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="106" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q_{f}\equiv C_{ij}|k_{i}k_{j}\rangle \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>≡</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">ij</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in terms of four colorless bound <i>hyperparticles</i> <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5908_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( k_{i(=0,\ldots ,3)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is investigated in a <i>SO</i>(10)-inspired unified model. This aims to define a subtle structure of matter as well as an explanation of some particularities of quarks. Precisely, these hyperparticles <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5908_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k_{i}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are bound by a <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5908_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(SU(3)_{h}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>U</mi> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>h</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <i>hypercolor</i> force under which they are assumed to be charged. Exploiting certain known data, the masses and the charges of such fundamental particles are discussed along with the emerged four extra quarks <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5908_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="98" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q_{f}\equiv \delta _{ii}|k_{i}k_{i}\rangle \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>≡</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">ii</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and three <i>hyperweak</i> bosons <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5908_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_{h}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

On Quark Substructures in an Inspired Unified Model

  • Adil Belhaj,
  • Salah Eddine Ennadifi

摘要

Motivated by the growing attention devoted to the Quantum Chromodynamics sector of the Standard Model, and the recent observations of non-standard hadronic states, a possible substructure of quarks \(q_{f}\equiv C_{ij}|k_{i}k_{j}\rangle \) q f C ij | k i k j in terms of four colorless bound hyperparticles \( k_{i(=0,\ldots ,3)}\) k i ( = 0 , , 3 ) is investigated in a SO(10)-inspired unified model. This aims to define a subtle structure of matter as well as an explanation of some particularities of quarks. Precisely, these hyperparticles \(k_{i}\) k i are bound by a \(SU(3)_{h}\) S U ( 3 ) h hypercolor force under which they are assumed to be charged. Exploiting certain known data, the masses and the charges of such fundamental particles are discussed along with the emerged four extra quarks \(q_{f}\equiv \delta _{ii}|k_{i}k_{i}\rangle \) q f δ ii | k i k i and three hyperweak bosons \(W_{h}\) W h .