<p>In this paper, we determine the bound-state solutions for Dirac fermions with electric dipole moment (EDM) and position-dependent mass (PDM) in the presence of a radial magnetic field generated by magnetic monopoles. To achieve this, we work with the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5901_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((2+1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-dimensional (DE) Dirac equation with nonminimal coupling in polar coordinates. Posteriorly, we obtain a second-order differential equation via quadratic DE. Solving this differential equation through a change of variable and the asymptotic behavior, we obtain a generalized Laguerre equation. From this, we obtain the bound-state solutions of the system, given by the two-component Dirac spinor and by the relativistic energy spectrum. So, we note that such spinor is written in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials, and such spectrum (for a fermion and an antifermion) is quantized in terms of the radial and total magnetic quantum numbers <i>n</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5901_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m_j\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and explicitly depends on the EDM <i>d</i>, PDM parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5901_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\kappa \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>κ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, magnetic charge density <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5901_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and on the spinorial parameter <i>s</i>. In particular, the quantization is a direct result of the existence of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5901_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\kappa \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>κ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (i.e., <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5901_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\kappa \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>κ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> acts as a kind of “external field or potential”). Besides, we also analyze the nonrelativistic limit of our results, that is, we also obtain the nonrelativistic bound-state solutions. In both cases (relativistic and nonrelativistic), we discuss in detail the characteristics of the spectrum as well as graphically analyze its behavior as a function of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5901_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\kappa \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>κ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10773_2025_5901_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for three different values of <i>n</i> (ground state and the first two excited states).</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Dirac Fermions with Electric Dipole Moment and Position-dependent Mass in the Presence of a Magnetic Field Generated by Magnetic Monopoles

  • R. R. S. Oliveira

摘要

In this paper, we determine the bound-state solutions for Dirac fermions with electric dipole moment (EDM) and position-dependent mass (PDM) in the presence of a radial magnetic field generated by magnetic monopoles. To achieve this, we work with the \((2+1)\) ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional (DE) Dirac equation with nonminimal coupling in polar coordinates. Posteriorly, we obtain a second-order differential equation via quadratic DE. Solving this differential equation through a change of variable and the asymptotic behavior, we obtain a generalized Laguerre equation. From this, we obtain the bound-state solutions of the system, given by the two-component Dirac spinor and by the relativistic energy spectrum. So, we note that such spinor is written in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials, and such spectrum (for a fermion and an antifermion) is quantized in terms of the radial and total magnetic quantum numbers n and \(m_j\) m j , and explicitly depends on the EDM d, PDM parameter \(\kappa \) κ , magnetic charge density \(\lambda _m\) λ m , and on the spinorial parameter s. In particular, the quantization is a direct result of the existence of \(\kappa \) κ (i.e., \(\kappa \) κ acts as a kind of “external field or potential”). Besides, we also analyze the nonrelativistic limit of our results, that is, we also obtain the nonrelativistic bound-state solutions. In both cases (relativistic and nonrelativistic), we discuss in detail the characteristics of the spectrum as well as graphically analyze its behavior as a function of \(\kappa \) κ and \(\lambda _m\) λ m for three different values of n (ground state and the first two excited states).