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<p>The operating performance of photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) systems is considerably affected by the rise in photovoltaic (PV) cell temperature, which leads to a decline in electrical and, consequently, overall system efficiency. Although active water cooling and passive phase change material (PCM)-based cooling have been widely investigated, limited studies have examined the combined effects of PCM thickness and melting temperatures on the energy and exergy performance of a hybrid PVT system. The present work evaluates a hybrid PVT system incorporating both water cooling and PCM to improve temperature regulation and energy conversion capabilities. A PVT system is designed, fabricated, and tested under hot and arid conditions for performance analysis. A three-dimensional numerical model was subsequently developed and validated with the experimental data, and was then employed to conduct an extensive parametric investigation to determine the effects of varying PCM layer thickness (24&#xa0;mm to 36&#xa0;mm) and melting temperature (28&#xa0;°C to 55&#xa0;°C) on PV temperature, electrical, thermal, and exergy efficiencies, and entropy generation. The PCM layer with a thickness of 24&#xa0;mm and melting temperature of 44&#xa0;°C reduces the average PV cell temperature to 56.7&#xa0;°C, yielding a 1.75% improvement in electrical efficiency. In addition, the optimum system performance was obtained with a PCM melting temperature of 50&#xa0;°C, yielding a maximum total power output of 224.1 W and an overall efficiency of 43.4%. The findings demonstrate that optimizing PCM thickness and melting temperature significantly enhance the thermoelectric and exergetic performance of the hybrid PVT system, highlighting the effectiveness of PCM-assisted thermal management and solar energy utilization.</p>

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Energy-Exergy Analysis of a Hybrid PVT System with Varying PCM Thickness and Melting Temperature

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Afzal Husain,
  • Bisma Ali,
  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Khurshid Alam,
  • Nasser Al-Azri,
  • Nabeel Al-Rawahi,
  • Mohd. Zahid Ansari

摘要

The operating performance of photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) systems is considerably affected by the rise in photovoltaic (PV) cell temperature, which leads to a decline in electrical and, consequently, overall system efficiency. Although active water cooling and passive phase change material (PCM)-based cooling have been widely investigated, limited studies have examined the combined effects of PCM thickness and melting temperatures on the energy and exergy performance of a hybrid PVT system. The present work evaluates a hybrid PVT system incorporating both water cooling and PCM to improve temperature regulation and energy conversion capabilities. A PVT system is designed, fabricated, and tested under hot and arid conditions for performance analysis. A three-dimensional numerical model was subsequently developed and validated with the experimental data, and was then employed to conduct an extensive parametric investigation to determine the effects of varying PCM layer thickness (24 mm to 36 mm) and melting temperature (28 °C to 55 °C) on PV temperature, electrical, thermal, and exergy efficiencies, and entropy generation. The PCM layer with a thickness of 24 mm and melting temperature of 44 °C reduces the average PV cell temperature to 56.7 °C, yielding a 1.75% improvement in electrical efficiency. In addition, the optimum system performance was obtained with a PCM melting temperature of 50 °C, yielding a maximum total power output of 224.1 W and an overall efficiency of 43.4%. The findings demonstrate that optimizing PCM thickness and melting temperature significantly enhance the thermoelectric and exergetic performance of the hybrid PVT system, highlighting the effectiveness of PCM-assisted thermal management and solar energy utilization.