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<p>Growing global energy requirements and the adverse environmental effects linked to fossil-fuel-dependent technologies underscore the importance of developing cleaner and more efficient thermal systems. In this investigation, the thermal, exergy, and economic responses of a helical-coil-based heat-exchange unit were evaluated using environmentally derived silver (Ag) nanofluids synthesized from <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (AI) and <i>Melia composita</i> (MC) extracts. Three nanofluid batches were prepared with progressively increasing nanoparticle loading and examined under consistent operating conditions to determine their influence on overall system behavior. Among all formulations, the MC-derived nanofluid delivered the strongest enhancement, producing a heat-transfer output of 3578.4 W and a corresponding heat-transfer coefficient of 3754.98 W⋅m<sup>−2</sup>⋅&#xa0;K<sup>−1</sup> under its designated operating regime. The system exhibited an exergy-efficiency rise of nearly 38&#xa0;%, along with reductions in embodied energy, structural mass, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Economic evaluation further revealed potential savings of up to 23&#xa0;% and an effectiveness improvement exceeding 15&#xa0;%. The findings affirm the suitability of MC-based Ag nanofluids as a sustainable, high-performance working medium capable of significantly augmenting the efficiency of helical-coil heat-exchange systems for environmentally focused thermal applications.</p>

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Bio-Derived Silver Nanofluids as Advanced Coolants: Experimental Thermal Performance Assessment in a Shell-and-Helical Coil Heat Exchanger

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • D. Saravanan,
  • K. Sureshkumar

摘要

Growing global energy requirements and the adverse environmental effects linked to fossil-fuel-dependent technologies underscore the importance of developing cleaner and more efficient thermal systems. In this investigation, the thermal, exergy, and economic responses of a helical-coil-based heat-exchange unit were evaluated using environmentally derived silver (Ag) nanofluids synthesized from Azadirachta indica (AI) and Melia composita (MC) extracts. Three nanofluid batches were prepared with progressively increasing nanoparticle loading and examined under consistent operating conditions to determine their influence on overall system behavior. Among all formulations, the MC-derived nanofluid delivered the strongest enhancement, producing a heat-transfer output of 3578.4 W and a corresponding heat-transfer coefficient of 3754.98 W⋅m−2⋅ K−1 under its designated operating regime. The system exhibited an exergy-efficiency rise of nearly 38 %, along with reductions in embodied energy, structural mass, and CO2 emissions. Economic evaluation further revealed potential savings of up to 23 % and an effectiveness improvement exceeding 15 %. The findings affirm the suitability of MC-based Ag nanofluids as a sustainable, high-performance working medium capable of significantly augmenting the efficiency of helical-coil heat-exchange systems for environmentally focused thermal applications.