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<p>Building Energy Simulation (BES) typically represents heat transfer through building envelopes using one-dimensional (1D) conduction models to maintain computational efficiency. However, this simplification prevents BES from capturing the dynamic thermal effects produced by thermal bridges (TBs), particularly in high-performance envelopes where localized heat-flow paths significantly influence transient behavior. Existing approaches such as equivalent U-value methods overlook dynamic inertia effects, while detailed multi-dimensional simulations provide high fidelity but are too computationally demanding for whole-building analysis. To address this gap, this study develops a Thermal Bridge Transfer Function Model (TBTFM) that expresses transient TB heat flow in a compact linear time-invariant (LTI) form compatible with standard 1D BES frameworks. The model is constructed using system identification techniques applied to detailed 3D transient simulation data, enabling the dynamic influence of thermal bridges to be incorporated without modifying existing BES structures. Validation shows that the proposed TBTFM accurately reproduces TB heat-flux profiles with varying model orders, and that a third-order representation achieves an effective balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. The proposed approach provides a practical means to quantify the dynamic contribution of thermal bridges during transient periods, offering improved fidelity for building-energy assessments while preserving the simplicity of 1D BES workflows.</p>

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Thermal Bridge Transfer Function Model (TBTFM) for Dynamic Heat Flux Analysis in Building Energy Simulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Heegang Kim,
  • Jihye Kim

摘要

Building Energy Simulation (BES) typically represents heat transfer through building envelopes using one-dimensional (1D) conduction models to maintain computational efficiency. However, this simplification prevents BES from capturing the dynamic thermal effects produced by thermal bridges (TBs), particularly in high-performance envelopes where localized heat-flow paths significantly influence transient behavior. Existing approaches such as equivalent U-value methods overlook dynamic inertia effects, while detailed multi-dimensional simulations provide high fidelity but are too computationally demanding for whole-building analysis. To address this gap, this study develops a Thermal Bridge Transfer Function Model (TBTFM) that expresses transient TB heat flow in a compact linear time-invariant (LTI) form compatible with standard 1D BES frameworks. The model is constructed using system identification techniques applied to detailed 3D transient simulation data, enabling the dynamic influence of thermal bridges to be incorporated without modifying existing BES structures. Validation shows that the proposed TBTFM accurately reproduces TB heat-flux profiles with varying model orders, and that a third-order representation achieves an effective balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. The proposed approach provides a practical means to quantify the dynamic contribution of thermal bridges during transient periods, offering improved fidelity for building-energy assessments while preserving the simplicity of 1D BES workflows.