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<p>Carbon-iron oxide nanoparticles represent a promising class of hybrid nanomaterials for the development of nanofluids aimed at enhancing heat transfer in thermal systems. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the thermal conductivity (k), specific heat capacity at constant pressure (C<sub>p</sub>), rheological behavior and viscosity (μ) of graphene: Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (mass ratio of 70:30) dispersions in distilled water, stabilized using a surfactant mixture of karaya gum and cocoamidopropyl betaine. Experimental results were thoughtfully analyzed to elucidate the effects that surfactant mixture’s presence, hybrid nanoparticle’s concentration (0.005–0.100 wt.%) and temperature (283.15–313.15&#xa0;K) may have on the three thermophysical properties under study. Findings highlight that, while the used surfactant content exerts a negligible influence on thermal conductivity, the addition of graphene-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles leads to a marked improvement in k, reaching up to a 6% enhancement at a mass concentration of 0.1 wt.%. Modest reductions were observed in the isobaric heat capacity, 0.3–2.4% in the investigated concentration range. Rheological studies showed a transition from the Newtonian behavior of 0.005 and 0.010 wt.% samples to the shear-thinning of 0.025–0.100 wt.%. Finally, results are compared to some theoretical correlations, novel regression models are proposed to describe the temperature and concentration dependence of nanofluid thermal conductivity and viscosity.</p>

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Thermal and Flow Properties of Graphene/Fe3O4 Water-Based Hybrid Nanofluids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Soulayma Gal,
  • David Cabaleiro,
  • Walid Hassen,
  • Housseinou Ba,
  • Patrice Estellé

摘要

Carbon-iron oxide nanoparticles represent a promising class of hybrid nanomaterials for the development of nanofluids aimed at enhancing heat transfer in thermal systems. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the thermal conductivity (k), specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp), rheological behavior and viscosity (μ) of graphene: Fe3O4 (mass ratio of 70:30) dispersions in distilled water, stabilized using a surfactant mixture of karaya gum and cocoamidopropyl betaine. Experimental results were thoughtfully analyzed to elucidate the effects that surfactant mixture’s presence, hybrid nanoparticle’s concentration (0.005–0.100 wt.%) and temperature (283.15–313.15 K) may have on the three thermophysical properties under study. Findings highlight that, while the used surfactant content exerts a negligible influence on thermal conductivity, the addition of graphene-Fe3O4 nanoparticles leads to a marked improvement in k, reaching up to a 6% enhancement at a mass concentration of 0.1 wt.%. Modest reductions were observed in the isobaric heat capacity, 0.3–2.4% in the investigated concentration range. Rheological studies showed a transition from the Newtonian behavior of 0.005 and 0.010 wt.% samples to the shear-thinning of 0.025–0.100 wt.%. Finally, results are compared to some theoretical correlations, novel regression models are proposed to describe the temperature and concentration dependence of nanofluid thermal conductivity and viscosity.