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<p>Phase change materials (PCMs) are effective for thermal energy storage but often suffer from low thermal conductivity and limited stability. To overcome these challenges and enhance PCM performance, conductive materials can be added. This study presents a novel composite phase change material (CPCM) by combining LiNO<sub>3</sub>–NaNO<sub>3</sub>–NaCl with sand and NiCrO<sub>3</sub> in an 8:2 wt % ratio, significantly improving thermal conductivity and stability. Thermal and chemical analyses reveal that the addition of sand–NiCrO<sub>3</sub> increases the CPCM’s thermal conductivity from 0.50 W/m·K to 0.92 W/m·K, enhancing charging and discharging efficiency. Structural analysis shows well-organized sand particles spaced 44.38&#xa0;µm apart, with bright spots indicating NiCrO<sub>3</sub>. The CPCM undergoes a solid–solid phase transition at 50&#xa0;°C, a phase change at 130&#xa0;°C, and solidification at 125&#xa0;°C. It retains good thermal stability, with degradation starting after 300 cycles, showing only 27 % mass loss at 650&#xa0;°C and a 2 % reduction in storage capacity. The CPCM’s latent and specific heat capacities are 250&#xa0;J·g<sup>−1</sup> and 565&#xa0;J·kg<sup>−1</sup>·°C, respectively, enabling effective heat storage with minimal temperature variation and reduced heat loss. Its exergy efficiency of 0.90 % during heat storage in a tank highlights its strong thermal energy storage capabilities, making it a promising material for advanced applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Thermal Properties of Novel Hybrid Phase Change Materials Based on LiNO3–NaNO3–NaCl/NiCrO3–Sand for Heat Storage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Muhammad Shehram,
  • Muhammad Najwan Hamidi,
  • Aeizaal Azman Abdul Wahab,
  • Mohd Khairunaz Mat Desa

摘要

Phase change materials (PCMs) are effective for thermal energy storage but often suffer from low thermal conductivity and limited stability. To overcome these challenges and enhance PCM performance, conductive materials can be added. This study presents a novel composite phase change material (CPCM) by combining LiNO3–NaNO3–NaCl with sand and NiCrO3 in an 8:2 wt % ratio, significantly improving thermal conductivity and stability. Thermal and chemical analyses reveal that the addition of sand–NiCrO3 increases the CPCM’s thermal conductivity from 0.50 W/m·K to 0.92 W/m·K, enhancing charging and discharging efficiency. Structural analysis shows well-organized sand particles spaced 44.38 µm apart, with bright spots indicating NiCrO3. The CPCM undergoes a solid–solid phase transition at 50 °C, a phase change at 130 °C, and solidification at 125 °C. It retains good thermal stability, with degradation starting after 300 cycles, showing only 27 % mass loss at 650 °C and a 2 % reduction in storage capacity. The CPCM’s latent and specific heat capacities are 250 J·g−1 and 565 J·kg−1·°C, respectively, enabling effective heat storage with minimal temperature variation and reduced heat loss. Its exergy efficiency of 0.90 % during heat storage in a tank highlights its strong thermal energy storage capabilities, making it a promising material for advanced applications.

Graphical Abstract