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<p>Identifying genetically unique primate populations is crucial for guiding conservation efforts. The northern white-cheeked gibbon <i>Nomascus leucogenys</i> and southern white-cheeked gibbon <i>Nomascus siki</i> have restricted global ranges and are endemic to Lao PDR and Vietnam. However, the boundary between the two species in central Lao&#xa0;PDR&#xa0;is unclear. It has been hypothesized that the Nam Theun-Nam Kading River is the major geographical barrier between the two species. To investigate the distribution of <i>N. siki</i> and <i>N. leucogenys</i>, we analyzed 90 gibbon songs, known to be species-specific, from sites in central Lao PDR and Vietnam. We also analyzed 32 recordings of gibbons in European zoological facilities that were known to represent each species, based on karyotype. Overall, the recordings included 737 male calls and 229 female calls. In the captive gibbon recordings, we found a statistically significant difference between the species in 12 acoustic parameters for males and in 10 acoustic parameters for females. We used these acoustic parameters for both males and females as training data to perform a Random Forest species classification analysis of vocal recordings of unidentified species from the wild. Our classification accuracy was 97% for males and 89% for females. We detected both <i>Nomascus siki</i> and <i>N. leucogenys</i> on both sides of the Nam Theun-Nam Kading River in Nakai-Nam Theun National Park and surrounding areas in Central Lao PDR and Vietnam. These results do not support the hypothesis that the Nam Theun-Nam Kading River is a geographical barrier between the two species in central Lao PDR, which was based on a few samples from central Lao PDR, and none from Nakai-Nam Theun National&#xa0;Park. These findings must be taken into consideration as part of potential reintroduction, rehabilitation or translocation programs for both species in this region.</p>

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The Distribution of White-Cheeked Gibbons Nomascus siki and N. leucogenys in Central Lao PDR

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月12日

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  • Camille Noémie Zoé Coudrat,
  • Michal Hradec,
  • Hana Vostrá-Vydrová

摘要

Identifying genetically unique primate populations is crucial for guiding conservation efforts. The northern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus leucogenys and southern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus siki have restricted global ranges and are endemic to Lao PDR and Vietnam. However, the boundary between the two species in central Lao PDR is unclear. It has been hypothesized that the Nam Theun-Nam Kading River is the major geographical barrier between the two species. To investigate the distribution of N. siki and N. leucogenys, we analyzed 90 gibbon songs, known to be species-specific, from sites in central Lao PDR and Vietnam. We also analyzed 32 recordings of gibbons in European zoological facilities that were known to represent each species, based on karyotype. Overall, the recordings included 737 male calls and 229 female calls. In the captive gibbon recordings, we found a statistically significant difference between the species in 12 acoustic parameters for males and in 10 acoustic parameters for females. We used these acoustic parameters for both males and females as training data to perform a Random Forest species classification analysis of vocal recordings of unidentified species from the wild. Our classification accuracy was 97% for males and 89% for females. We detected both Nomascus siki and N. leucogenys on both sides of the Nam Theun-Nam Kading River in Nakai-Nam Theun National Park and surrounding areas in Central Lao PDR and Vietnam. These results do not support the hypothesis that the Nam Theun-Nam Kading River is a geographical barrier between the two species in central Lao PDR, which was based on a few samples from central Lao PDR, and none from Nakai-Nam Theun National Park. These findings must be taken into consideration as part of potential reintroduction, rehabilitation or translocation programs for both species in this region.