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<p>In this work, an impedance-matched folded waveguide (FWG) slow-wave structure (SWS) for a W-band traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA) is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. The structure was precision-machined using five-axis ultra-precision CNC technology. The design is optimized for low-voltage electron beam operation, offering high interaction impedance and gain across the operational bandwidth. Tapered attenuators are integrated along the extended waveguide length to provide effective terminations at the junctions between SWS sections. Eigenmode analysis indicates a 15.9% simulated bandwidth spanning 81–95 GHz, with measured results confirming effective operation over 81–90 GHz (10.6% measured bandwidth). Transient analysis yields a reflection coefficient (S<sub>11</sub> <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(&lt; -11\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> dB) across this band. Hot test simulations demonstrate a peak gain of 27.5 dB with a beam voltage of just 14.9 kV. Following fabrication, cold test measurements confirm the design performance, exhibiting a VSWR below 1.8 (S<sub>11</sub> <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(&lt; -10\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> dB). Additionally, the integrated attenuators show return losses better than −20 dB throughout the operating band.</p>

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Design, Fabrication, and Cold-Test Characterization of a W-Band Slow-Wave Structure for Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifiers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Surya Prasath C,
  • Richards Joe Stanislaus

摘要

In this work, an impedance-matched folded waveguide (FWG) slow-wave structure (SWS) for a W-band traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA) is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. The structure was precision-machined using five-axis ultra-precision CNC technology. The design is optimized for low-voltage electron beam operation, offering high interaction impedance and gain across the operational bandwidth. Tapered attenuators are integrated along the extended waveguide length to provide effective terminations at the junctions between SWS sections. Eigenmode analysis indicates a 15.9% simulated bandwidth spanning 81–95 GHz, with measured results confirming effective operation over 81–90 GHz (10.6% measured bandwidth). Transient analysis yields a reflection coefficient (S11 \(< -11\) < - 11 dB) across this band. Hot test simulations demonstrate a peak gain of 27.5 dB with a beam voltage of just 14.9 kV. Following fabrication, cold test measurements confirm the design performance, exhibiting a VSWR below 1.8 (S11 \(< -10\) < - 10 dB). Additionally, the integrated attenuators show return losses better than −20 dB throughout the operating band.