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<p>This article presents the preliminary results of an archaeological study conducted at the Velho Rocio cemetery, a rural funerary landscape located in the town of Matos Costa, in the northcentral region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, linked by local traditions to the Contestado War (1912–16). Drawing on fieldwork carried out in July 2025 and the systematic analysis of death records from the district of Matos Costa, digitized and accessed via the FamilySearch platform, we argue that Velho Rocio is not simply a passive vestige of the past. Combining these lines of evidence made it possible to identify the site documentarily, to partially reconstruct the population interred there between 1910 and 1943, to document specific devotional practices within the local community across generations, and to record active ritual interventions that confirm the ongoing vitality of those devotions to the present day. The theoretical framework draws on Criado Boado’s (1999) landscape archaeology, Tilley’s (1994) phenomenology of landscape, Koselleck’s (2001) notion of strata of time, and Derrida’s (1994) concept of spectrality to analyze the temporal multidimensionality of the site — a landscape where distinct layers of time coexist without displacing one another. In a region where Afro-descendant presence is systematically minimized by dominant historical discourse, Velho Rocio emerges as a material archive of memories that communities have continued to transmit for over a century.</p>

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Where the Past Does Not Rest: Specters, Memories, and Temporalities in the Velho Rocio Cemetery (Matos Costa, Santa Catarina, Brazil)

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Fernando Andrés Villar

摘要

This article presents the preliminary results of an archaeological study conducted at the Velho Rocio cemetery, a rural funerary landscape located in the town of Matos Costa, in the northcentral region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, linked by local traditions to the Contestado War (1912–16). Drawing on fieldwork carried out in July 2025 and the systematic analysis of death records from the district of Matos Costa, digitized and accessed via the FamilySearch platform, we argue that Velho Rocio is not simply a passive vestige of the past. Combining these lines of evidence made it possible to identify the site documentarily, to partially reconstruct the population interred there between 1910 and 1943, to document specific devotional practices within the local community across generations, and to record active ritual interventions that confirm the ongoing vitality of those devotions to the present day. The theoretical framework draws on Criado Boado’s (1999) landscape archaeology, Tilley’s (1994) phenomenology of landscape, Koselleck’s (2001) notion of strata of time, and Derrida’s (1994) concept of spectrality to analyze the temporal multidimensionality of the site — a landscape where distinct layers of time coexist without displacing one another. In a region where Afro-descendant presence is systematically minimized by dominant historical discourse, Velho Rocio emerges as a material archive of memories that communities have continued to transmit for over a century.