<p>This article provides the first in-depth survey of the use of archaeological chemistry in historical archaeology. In addition to covering the research questions, analytical techniques, and types of materials commonly analyzed by historical archaeologists, we assess the narratives that archaeological chemistry has been used to tell, showing that the twenty-first century has seen an increased focus on the lives of people of color. While much of this article focuses on larger trends in this literature, we also summarize the research that has been conducted on the six most commonly studied groups: sub-Saharan Africans, Black Americans, Indigenous Americans, people of South/Southeast/East Asian descent, white colonizers/settlers, and Europeans. Finally, we look at the archaeologists involved in this research, showing that in the past two decades, women and people of color have increasingly (co-)authored articles that use archaeological chemistry. However, we note that women of color and authors of color from the US, Canada, and Europe are still underrepresented and that authors of color are less likely to be cited than their white colleagues, showing that there is still a need to diversify who is involved in this research.</p>