<p>The paper presents the results of an archaeological survey conducted at the Lugalo battlefield. The fight between the invading German colonial forces <i>(Schutztruppe)</i>, heavily armed with relatively superior weaponry, and the Hehe warriors in 1891 was costly in human life and blood for both sides. The recovery of a relatively large assemblage of battle-related artifacts serves to augment, validate, and reconcile the historiography of the battle. The artifacts confirm the hasty and chaotic nature of the military engagement, as reported in historical sources. This could potentially trigger recollections of past traumatic experiences for the Hehe and German communities. Forensic firearms identification procedures show that the German punitive military expedition under the command of Captain Emil von Zelewski used Models M71 and M71/84 Mauser rifles during the battle. The recovery of a Maxim.45-caliber cartridge case confirms historical accounts that the German expedition carried Maxim guns but unfortunately were not deployed given the unpreparedness and prevailing unfavorable conditions during the battle. Despite the overwhelming odds, the Hehe warriors, led by Chief Mkwawa and mostly armed with spears and shields, almost completely annihilated the German expedition. The Hehe used the rugged mountainous terrain and natural features, including the narrow and deep Mgera river valley, large rocks, dense vegetation, and tall grasses, as part of their military tactical strategy to encircle the von Zelewski expedition while on the march in a long column and to effectively execute the ambush. Spatial distribution of artifacts on the battlefield indicates the possible positions of the Hehe warriors and German troops during the battle. </p>