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<p>Enbridge crude oil pipelines have been operational on Anishinaabe treaty lands in northern Minnesota, for over 70 years, carrying crude oil from the Alberta tar sands to refineries in Wisconsin. It was not until the replacement of Line 3 with the Line 93 pipeline in 2015 that large-scale social unrest was sparked. Indigenous and non-Indigenous Water&#xa0;Protectors joined together in civil disobedience to halt the construction of Line 93 due to its violations of Indigenous sovereignty and its potential for environmental impacts. On October 1, 2021, the replacement construction was finished; Line 3 was deactivated; the replacement Line 93 began transporting oil; and the resistance mostly subsided. In this paper, I explore the role of archaeology within this conflict as both a methodology for engaging with the materiality of oil infrastructure and as a stakeholder and ally of decolonial social movements through collected archaeological and ethnographic data along the pipeline route.</p>

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Tensions, Engagements, and Activisms along the Pipeline Route: Tracing Resistance to Line 93 in Northern Minnesota

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月25日

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  • Ryan Rybka

摘要

Enbridge crude oil pipelines have been operational on Anishinaabe treaty lands in northern Minnesota, for over 70 years, carrying crude oil from the Alberta tar sands to refineries in Wisconsin. It was not until the replacement of Line 3 with the Line 93 pipeline in 2015 that large-scale social unrest was sparked. Indigenous and non-Indigenous Water Protectors joined together in civil disobedience to halt the construction of Line 93 due to its violations of Indigenous sovereignty and its potential for environmental impacts. On October 1, 2021, the replacement construction was finished; Line 3 was deactivated; the replacement Line 93 began transporting oil; and the resistance mostly subsided. In this paper, I explore the role of archaeology within this conflict as both a methodology for engaging with the materiality of oil infrastructure and as a stakeholder and ally of decolonial social movements through collected archaeological and ethnographic data along the pipeline route.