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<p>The biochar as a sustainable filler or reinforcement in polymer composites, acts as a phase change material, thereby improving the compatibility between the continuous reinforcement and the discontinuous matrix. This resulted in a significant benefit in higher thermal stability, such as higher degradation temperatures, coefficient of linear expansion, enhanced thermal conductivity, and better dynamic modulus under varying load and temperatures. Moreover, the rich carbon structure in biochar provides greater mechanical strength and enhances electrical conductivity, thereby extending the composite’s applications in construction, electrical and electronics, aerospace, and medical equipment manufacturing industries. The present study focused on analysing and benchmarking biochar incorporation and its hybridization with polymer matrices, with respect to physical and chemical compatibility, mechanical, thermal, and structural characteristics. An effective way to utilize waste nano-biochar materials was reported by highlighting the relationships between processing, structure, and properties. From the benchmarking study, it is concluded that biomass feedstock pyrolyzed above 300˚C produces effective biochar that enhances the interaction properties with various polymers used in composites. Also, biochar volumes up to 20% contributed to higher strength and physical properties. The limitations in non-contact machining processes, such as electrochemical machining, electrical discharge machining, and abrasive water jet machining, for fiber-reinforced polymer composites have been overcome by adding biochar, which improves electrical conductivity and magnetic properties.</p>

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Biochar as an effective reinforcement for composite components: a sustainability-oriented review of physico-mechanical and thermal properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • V. Mohanavel,
  • T. Dinesh,
  • Karthick Muniyappan,
  • Shahbaz Juneja,
  • Akanksha Mishra,
  • Thulasi Sankar

摘要

The biochar as a sustainable filler or reinforcement in polymer composites, acts as a phase change material, thereby improving the compatibility between the continuous reinforcement and the discontinuous matrix. This resulted in a significant benefit in higher thermal stability, such as higher degradation temperatures, coefficient of linear expansion, enhanced thermal conductivity, and better dynamic modulus under varying load and temperatures. Moreover, the rich carbon structure in biochar provides greater mechanical strength and enhances electrical conductivity, thereby extending the composite’s applications in construction, electrical and electronics, aerospace, and medical equipment manufacturing industries. The present study focused on analysing and benchmarking biochar incorporation and its hybridization with polymer matrices, with respect to physical and chemical compatibility, mechanical, thermal, and structural characteristics. An effective way to utilize waste nano-biochar materials was reported by highlighting the relationships between processing, structure, and properties. From the benchmarking study, it is concluded that biomass feedstock pyrolyzed above 300˚C produces effective biochar that enhances the interaction properties with various polymers used in composites. Also, biochar volumes up to 20% contributed to higher strength and physical properties. The limitations in non-contact machining processes, such as electrochemical machining, electrical discharge machining, and abrasive water jet machining, for fiber-reinforced polymer composites have been overcome by adding biochar, which improves electrical conductivity and magnetic properties.