Thermo-diffusion characteristics of sodium alginate based Ag-MgO hybrid nanofluid over a deformable sheet: a numerical study

This work investigates the fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer mechanisms in sodium alginate-based hybrid nanofluids containing magnesium oxide and silver nanoparticles. The analysis considers a stretching and contracting surface, a porous medium with cross-diffusion, and a heat source. Suction, radiation, heat source, thermal expansion, Soret, and Dufour effects serve as passive control parameters, while the local skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are examined in relation to the volume fractions of magnesium oxide and silver. Through similarity transformations, the nonlinear equations are converted into ordinary differential equations and solved using BVP4C in MATLAB software. The findings reveal that a higher Casson parameter accelerates the flow over the shrinking sheet but decelerates it over the stretched sheet. Additionally, increasing the Dufour effect enhances the temperature profile, while increasing the Soret effect boosts the concentration profile, in both stretching and shrinking cases. Furthermore, the concentration distribution increases with the Soret parameter in both scenarios.