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<p>This study quantifies heavy metal contamination in the upper Narmada basin (Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) using an integrated approach combining geochemical analysis and remote sensing. Key heavy metals, including Al, As, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Pb, were found at elevated concentrations in river water and sediment. Measured pH across sampling sites ranged from 7.98 to 8.06, total dissolved solids (TDS) from 142 to 158&#xa0;mg/L, and turbidity from 2.79 to 4.73 NTU, with the highest electrical conductivity (EC) recorded at 265 µS/cm at Jamtara Ghat. Notably, iron concentrations reached up to 3.88&#xa0;mg/L and manganese up to 5.28&#xa0;mg/L, both surpassing BIS permissible limits. Lead concentrations averaged 0.167&#xa0;mg/L and cadmium 0.058&#xa0;mg/L, significantly exceeding the safe thresholds (0.05&#xa0;mg/L for Pb, 0.005&#xa0;mg/L for Cd), indicating a critical pollution status across all sites. Composite pollution indices such as Water Quality Index (WQI) ranged from 38.8 to 57.5, Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) from 770.6 to 968.5, and Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) from 27.9 to 93.4, denoting poor water quality and substantial heavy metal enrichment. Spatial analysis, supported by remote sensing, identified pollution hotspots linked to mining and urban activity. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted mitigation strategies to safeguard water resources.</p>

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Determination of pollution indices of narmada river: an integrated approach using remote sensing and geochemical analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Hasmithaa Neha,
  • Rahul Kumar Singh,
  • Nirlipta P. Nayak,
  • Chaitanya Bhandari,
  • David Iilende,
  • Om Jaiswal

摘要

This study quantifies heavy metal contamination in the upper Narmada basin (Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) using an integrated approach combining geochemical analysis and remote sensing. Key heavy metals, including Al, As, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Pb, were found at elevated concentrations in river water and sediment. Measured pH across sampling sites ranged from 7.98 to 8.06, total dissolved solids (TDS) from 142 to 158 mg/L, and turbidity from 2.79 to 4.73 NTU, with the highest electrical conductivity (EC) recorded at 265 µS/cm at Jamtara Ghat. Notably, iron concentrations reached up to 3.88 mg/L and manganese up to 5.28 mg/L, both surpassing BIS permissible limits. Lead concentrations averaged 0.167 mg/L and cadmium 0.058 mg/L, significantly exceeding the safe thresholds (0.05 mg/L for Pb, 0.005 mg/L for Cd), indicating a critical pollution status across all sites. Composite pollution indices such as Water Quality Index (WQI) ranged from 38.8 to 57.5, Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) from 770.6 to 968.5, and Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) from 27.9 to 93.4, denoting poor water quality and substantial heavy metal enrichment. Spatial analysis, supported by remote sensing, identified pollution hotspots linked to mining and urban activity. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted mitigation strategies to safeguard water resources.