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<p>The increasing demand for sustainable and impact-resistant structural materials has highlighted the limitations of conventional synthetic-fiber sandwich panels, particularly in terms of environmental impact and predictive reliability under low-velocity impacts. To address this gap, this study investigates eco-friendly sandwich panels fabricated using piassava fiber–reinforced polymer (PFRP) facings combined with closed-cell polyisocyanurate foam cores of nominal densities 40, 70, and 100&#xa0;kg/m³, with face thicknesses consisting of one, two, and three layers of bidirectional piassava fibers. Low-velocity drop-weight impact tests were performed using an 11.37&#xa0;kg impactor with progressively increasing energy levels until final failure, while key responses such as impact energy resistance, mid-span deflection, face strain, stiffness, and damping characteristics were experimentally evaluated. The results demonstrate a strong dependence of impact performance on both core density and face thickness, where the weakest configuration (1PL–S40) failed at 22&#xa0;J, whereas the most robust panel (3PL–S100) sustained highest impact energy of 335&#xa0;J. Raising face thickness from one to two layers improved impact resistance by up to 78%, while increasing core density from 70 to 100&#xa0;kg/m³ resulted in an additional 52% enhancement, alongside a reduction in maximum deflection from approximately 29.0&#xa0;mm to 16.8&#xa0;mm at comparable energy levels. Nonlinear incremental iterative model on energy balance principles were developed and validated, showing good agreement with experimental data, with average Test/Model ratios of 0.91 for deflection and 1.12 for face strain. The outcomes confirm that piassava fiber–based sandwich panels provide high impact resistance, stable stiffness under repeated loading, and reliable predictive capability, making them promising candidates for sustainable building panels, lightweight structural components, automotive interiors, and impact-resistant eco-engineering applications.</p>

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Experimental and numerical investigation of low-velocity impact response of piassava fiber composite sandwich panels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Vijay R Khawale,
  • Pramod G. Musrif,
  • Abhishek Agarwal,
  • M. Seenivasan,
  • Rajasekaran Saminathan,
  • P Satishkumar,
  • A Chelliah

摘要

The increasing demand for sustainable and impact-resistant structural materials has highlighted the limitations of conventional synthetic-fiber sandwich panels, particularly in terms of environmental impact and predictive reliability under low-velocity impacts. To address this gap, this study investigates eco-friendly sandwich panels fabricated using piassava fiber–reinforced polymer (PFRP) facings combined with closed-cell polyisocyanurate foam cores of nominal densities 40, 70, and 100 kg/m³, with face thicknesses consisting of one, two, and three layers of bidirectional piassava fibers. Low-velocity drop-weight impact tests were performed using an 11.37 kg impactor with progressively increasing energy levels until final failure, while key responses such as impact energy resistance, mid-span deflection, face strain, stiffness, and damping characteristics were experimentally evaluated. The results demonstrate a strong dependence of impact performance on both core density and face thickness, where the weakest configuration (1PL–S40) failed at 22 J, whereas the most robust panel (3PL–S100) sustained highest impact energy of 335 J. Raising face thickness from one to two layers improved impact resistance by up to 78%, while increasing core density from 70 to 100 kg/m³ resulted in an additional 52% enhancement, alongside a reduction in maximum deflection from approximately 29.0 mm to 16.8 mm at comparable energy levels. Nonlinear incremental iterative model on energy balance principles were developed and validated, showing good agreement with experimental data, with average Test/Model ratios of 0.91 for deflection and 1.12 for face strain. The outcomes confirm that piassava fiber–based sandwich panels provide high impact resistance, stable stiffness under repeated loading, and reliable predictive capability, making them promising candidates for sustainable building panels, lightweight structural components, automotive interiors, and impact-resistant eco-engineering applications.