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<p>The present study evaluates the feasibility of valorization of two specific industrial wastes, i.e., Lime Sludge (LS) which comes from fertilizer industries and Paper Sludge Ash (PSA) which is generated in recycling industries as partial substitutes for cement in M40 grade concrete. Three different replacement series were investigated: individual LS (5–25% wt.), individual PSA (2.5–12.5% wt.) and a hybrid combination (5–25% wt.) to assess their impact on fresh properties, powered strength and long-term durability. A significant synergistic effect was observed in the 10% hybrid replacement (H-10) as the lubrication properties of the LS complemented the high absorption capacity of the PSA to provide an optimal 28&#xa0;day compressive strength of 35.4&#xa0;MPa greater than that of the two individual waste mixes. The hybrid blend also improved the pore structure of the mixes, which produced low chloride permeability (1900 Coulombs) and good homogeneity (UPV &gt; 3.6 Km/s). A strong synergistic effect was noted in the hybrid series, especially in the 10% replacement level (H-10) when the lubricating nature of LS counteracted the high absorptivity of PSA. The H-10 mix resulted in an optimum 28-day compressive power of 35.4&#xa0;MPa and as such surpassed the strengths obtained with the individual waste mixes. Durability assessments further supported the effectiveness of using the hybrid blend that refined the pore structure to reach a low chloride permeability status (1900 Coulombs in RCPT) and a favorable homogeneity rating (UPV &gt; 3.6&#xa0;km/s). Thus, this research shows that a strategic integration of Lime Sludge and Paper Sludge Ash creates a sustainable and high-performance binder and is a viable solution to waste management as well as a reduction in the carbon intensity of structural concrete.</p>

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Synergistic effect of lime sludge and paper sludge ash on the mechanical and durability properties of sustainable concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Yuvaraj Subramaniyan,
  • Saran Sivakumar,
  • Hari Prasath Kannan,
  • Dharanidharan Krishnakumar

摘要

The present study evaluates the feasibility of valorization of two specific industrial wastes, i.e., Lime Sludge (LS) which comes from fertilizer industries and Paper Sludge Ash (PSA) which is generated in recycling industries as partial substitutes for cement in M40 grade concrete. Three different replacement series were investigated: individual LS (5–25% wt.), individual PSA (2.5–12.5% wt.) and a hybrid combination (5–25% wt.) to assess their impact on fresh properties, powered strength and long-term durability. A significant synergistic effect was observed in the 10% hybrid replacement (H-10) as the lubrication properties of the LS complemented the high absorption capacity of the PSA to provide an optimal 28 day compressive strength of 35.4 MPa greater than that of the two individual waste mixes. The hybrid blend also improved the pore structure of the mixes, which produced low chloride permeability (1900 Coulombs) and good homogeneity (UPV > 3.6 Km/s). A strong synergistic effect was noted in the hybrid series, especially in the 10% replacement level (H-10) when the lubricating nature of LS counteracted the high absorptivity of PSA. The H-10 mix resulted in an optimum 28-day compressive power of 35.4 MPa and as such surpassed the strengths obtained with the individual waste mixes. Durability assessments further supported the effectiveness of using the hybrid blend that refined the pore structure to reach a low chloride permeability status (1900 Coulombs in RCPT) and a favorable homogeneity rating (UPV > 3.6 km/s). Thus, this research shows that a strategic integration of Lime Sludge and Paper Sludge Ash creates a sustainable and high-performance binder and is a viable solution to waste management as well as a reduction in the carbon intensity of structural concrete.