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<p>The cheap materials such as tea powder and sawdust were used as adsorbents. These Sawdust (SD) and tea powder waste (TP) have been used to remove phenol from synthetic aqueous solutions. After the H3PO4 chemical activation process, the removal percentage and adsorption capacity of Saw Dust Tea Powder (SDTP) adsorbent were calculated. After that, the adsorption isotherms of phenol on the adsorbents were evaluated and correlated with linear and non-linear forms of isotherm models such as Langmuir and the Freundlich models. Optimum conditions for phenol removal as well as the kinetics of that process, were established. From the results of adsorption isotherm models, the Langmuir model has the best fit with the highest correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9672), which indicates that the adsorption of phenol occurred through adsorption. In the Pseudo-First-Order model, the rate constant k<sub>1</sub> is 0.0475 with q<sub>e</sub> is 78.11&#xa0;mg/g with and R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9551 were obtained, whereas Pseudo-Second-Order offers a rate constant k<sub>2</sub> of 2.85 × 10⁻⁴ g/mg min and q<sub>e</sub> of 83.64&#xa0;mg/g with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.8492. From the kinetic model results, the higher correlation coefficient implies that phenol adsorption follows the first-order kinetics, which is more surface diffusion with an accurate fit.</p>

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Evaluation of isotherms for phenol adsorption on H₃PO₄-activated sawdust–tea powder composite adsorbent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • M. Sivanandha Saraswathy,
  • N. Dhasarathan,
  • D. Hariharan,
  • Sarulatha S,
  • Vijayakumar Sivasundar

摘要

The cheap materials such as tea powder and sawdust were used as adsorbents. These Sawdust (SD) and tea powder waste (TP) have been used to remove phenol from synthetic aqueous solutions. After the H3PO4 chemical activation process, the removal percentage and adsorption capacity of Saw Dust Tea Powder (SDTP) adsorbent were calculated. After that, the adsorption isotherms of phenol on the adsorbents were evaluated and correlated with linear and non-linear forms of isotherm models such as Langmuir and the Freundlich models. Optimum conditions for phenol removal as well as the kinetics of that process, were established. From the results of adsorption isotherm models, the Langmuir model has the best fit with the highest correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9672), which indicates that the adsorption of phenol occurred through adsorption. In the Pseudo-First-Order model, the rate constant k1 is 0.0475 with qe is 78.11 mg/g with and R2 of 0.9551 were obtained, whereas Pseudo-Second-Order offers a rate constant k2 of 2.85 × 10⁻⁴ g/mg min and qe of 83.64 mg/g with R2 of 0.8492. From the kinetic model results, the higher correlation coefficient implies that phenol adsorption follows the first-order kinetics, which is more surface diffusion with an accurate fit.