Nanoparticles influence on performance and combustion enhancement of biodiesels in Ci engines: mini review

In recent years, biodiesel has become the leading alternative for engines, sourced from natural materials like palm, canola, and soybean. Biodiesel offers multiple benefits for engine systems, including reduced emissions, improved combustion, and enhanced thermal performance. Nonetheless, some biodiesel variants exhibit a lower calorific value and increased emissions due to lower oxide particle content. To mitigate these issues, nanotechnology has been introduced. Nanoparticles have attracted substantial attention from researchers because of their remarkable properties, which make them valuable across various industries such as pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture, and the food sector. Their potential to improve the efficiency of biodiesel processes has also been explored. This review thoroughly analyzes existing literature, concentrating on studies that examine the use of nanoparticles in biodiesel processes for diesel engines. It includes an in-depth discussion of the factors influencing the effectiveness of nanoparticles in biodiesel production. The review concludes with recommendations for enhancements and future research directions in nanoparticle-driven bioprocessing.