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<p>We investigated 50&#xa0;years of total phosphorus trends in Lake Vombsjön, Sweden, to assess changes in phosphorus inputs, outputs, and retention, and to predict the lake’s recovery following catchment management efforts. Monitoring data collected in and around the lake are compiled and evaluated using weighted regression on time, discharge, and season to assess long-term trends at the lake’s primary inlet and outlet. The analysis revealed a continuous reduction in external phosphorus inputs throughout the study period, with the strongest declines associated with improvements in wastewater treatment. Agricultural management and wetland restoration also contributed to reductions, although these were more gradual. In contrast, reductions in outlet phosphorus concentrations and loads were less pronounced, and indications of internal phosphorus loading were observed, including increasing outlet loads and concentrations after 2015. Our findings highlight the need for restoration strategies that address both catchment and internal phosphorus processes to achieve good ecological status in Lake Vombsjön. These results also demonstrate the broader value of long-term monitoring data for guiding lake managers and understanding a lake’s current state.</p>

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Five decades of phosphorus trends in a eutrophic lake: insights from Lake Vombsjön, Sweden

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Anna Söderman,
  • Christian Alsterberg,
  • Magnus Larson,
  • Kenneth M. Persson,
  • Magnus Persson

摘要

We investigated 50 years of total phosphorus trends in Lake Vombsjön, Sweden, to assess changes in phosphorus inputs, outputs, and retention, and to predict the lake’s recovery following catchment management efforts. Monitoring data collected in and around the lake are compiled and evaluated using weighted regression on time, discharge, and season to assess long-term trends at the lake’s primary inlet and outlet. The analysis revealed a continuous reduction in external phosphorus inputs throughout the study period, with the strongest declines associated with improvements in wastewater treatment. Agricultural management and wetland restoration also contributed to reductions, although these were more gradual. In contrast, reductions in outlet phosphorus concentrations and loads were less pronounced, and indications of internal phosphorus loading were observed, including increasing outlet loads and concentrations after 2015. Our findings highlight the need for restoration strategies that address both catchment and internal phosphorus processes to achieve good ecological status in Lake Vombsjön. These results also demonstrate the broader value of long-term monitoring data for guiding lake managers and understanding a lake’s current state.