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<p>Salinity and flooding are major environmental drivers in mangrove ecosystems, regulating processes that determine early sapling growth and biomass allocation. We experimentally evaluated the effects of salinity (0, 5, 15, 30&#xa0;ppt) and flooding (humid, flooded) on growth, biomass accumulation, and functional traits of <i>Laguncularia racemosa</i> (white mangrove)&#xa0;saplings under greenhouse conditions. Height and diameter growth were greater at intermediate salinity levels (5–15&#xa0;ppt), whereas low (0&#xa0;ppt) and high salinity (30&#xa0;ppt) reduced growth performance. Flooding consistently enhanced growth, indicating that shallow inundation promotes early development. Relative growth rates in height showed similar patterns, suggesting greater growth efficiency under intermediate salinity. In contrast, total dry biomass increased with salinity, reaching maximum values at 30&#xa0;ppt. Salinity and flooding strongly influenced functional traits, with water content increasing under intermediate salinity and flooded conditions, while dry matter content showed the opposite pattern. Biomass allocation revealed predominance of aboveground investment, although root:shoot ratios increased at intermediate salinity and decreased under flooding. Population origin significantly influenced growth, with inland saplings showing greater performance. Overall, our results demonstrate that salinity and flooding jointly regulate growth and functional responses through coordinated eco-physiological mechanisms, providing insights into early mangrove establishment under variable hydrological conditions and sea-level rise scenarios.</p>

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Growth and biomass allocation of white mangrove saplings vary across salinity and flooding conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Edgar Abel Sánchez-García,
  • Patricia Moreno-Casasola,
  • Roberto Lindig-Cisneros,
  • Andrés Lira-Noriega,
  • Carlos Yañez-Arenas

摘要

Salinity and flooding are major environmental drivers in mangrove ecosystems, regulating processes that determine early sapling growth and biomass allocation. We experimentally evaluated the effects of salinity (0, 5, 15, 30 ppt) and flooding (humid, flooded) on growth, biomass accumulation, and functional traits of Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove) saplings under greenhouse conditions. Height and diameter growth were greater at intermediate salinity levels (5–15 ppt), whereas low (0 ppt) and high salinity (30 ppt) reduced growth performance. Flooding consistently enhanced growth, indicating that shallow inundation promotes early development. Relative growth rates in height showed similar patterns, suggesting greater growth efficiency under intermediate salinity. In contrast, total dry biomass increased with salinity, reaching maximum values at 30 ppt. Salinity and flooding strongly influenced functional traits, with water content increasing under intermediate salinity and flooded conditions, while dry matter content showed the opposite pattern. Biomass allocation revealed predominance of aboveground investment, although root:shoot ratios increased at intermediate salinity and decreased under flooding. Population origin significantly influenced growth, with inland saplings showing greater performance. Overall, our results demonstrate that salinity and flooding jointly regulate growth and functional responses through coordinated eco-physiological mechanisms, providing insights into early mangrove establishment under variable hydrological conditions and sea-level rise scenarios.