The tropical–subtropical mussel Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) has emerged as a rapidly spreading marine invader, establishing populations across Asia, North America, and parts of the Indo-Pacific within the past two decades. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its invasion dynamics, biological traits, introduction pathways, and ecological and socioeconomic impacts, drawing on published records from both native and invaded ranges. Evidence indicates that ballast water discharge, aquaculture-mediated transfers, and biofouling on vessels and infrastructure are the primary vectors facilitating spread. The invasion success of M. strigata is associated with a combination of physiological tolerance, rapid reproduction, and strong attachment capacity, although the expression and consequences of these traits vary regionally. Reported impacts include biofouling of aquaculture systems, competitive interactions with native bivalves, alteration of benthic–pelagic coupling, and accumulation of contaminants with potential implications for food safety. Despite increasing detection, management responses remain fragmented and largely reactive. By integrating invasion chronology, trait-based mechanisms, and regional case studies, this review identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines priorities for monitoring, risk assessment, and biosecurity in a context of expanding global trade and climate-driven environmental change.
