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<p>The Caspian Sea basin, the world’s largest enclosed inland water body, faces escalating threats from non-native fish introductions. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview and updated inventory of totally 52 non-nativefish species (17 orders, 26 families, and 42 genera) within the basin. Cypriniformes and Gobiiformes dominate the assemblage. Primary introduction pathways are aquaculture (e.g., grass carp <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>), ornamental releases (e.g., goldfish <i>Carassius auratus</i>), and canal-mediated dispersal (e.g., round goby <i>Neogobius melanostomus</i>). Successful invaders like <i>Carassius gibelio</i> and <i>Gambusia holbrooki</i> disrupt native ecosystems via competition, predation, and hybridization. Spatial analysis identifies the Volga (36.17%) and Southern Caspian (31.91%) sub-basins as introduction hotspots. Southeast Asia (26.92%, <i>n</i> = 14) and North America (13.46%, <i>n</i> = 7) are the primary biogeographic donor regions. Historical records show that both deliberate and accidental introductions have significantly altered trophic webs and endemic populations. Critical knowledge gaps persist for certain taxa (e.g., <i>Carassius</i> spp.). The synthesis was conducted following a systematic literature search, underscoring the urgent need for strengthened biosecurity, enhanced early detection, and coordinated transboundary management to counteract the negative effects and mitigate ongoing ecological and economic consequences, providing a critical, evidence-based foundation for conservation policy.</p>

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Updated inventory and ecological impacts of non-native fish in the Caspian Sea Basin: a systematic review of historical invasion pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Azad Teimori,
  • Hamid Reza Esmaeili,
  • Boris Levin,
  • Keyvan Abbasi,
  • Ekaterina D. Vasil’eva

摘要

The Caspian Sea basin, the world’s largest enclosed inland water body, faces escalating threats from non-native fish introductions. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview and updated inventory of totally 52 non-nativefish species (17 orders, 26 families, and 42 genera) within the basin. Cypriniformes and Gobiiformes dominate the assemblage. Primary introduction pathways are aquaculture (e.g., grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella), ornamental releases (e.g., goldfish Carassius auratus), and canal-mediated dispersal (e.g., round goby Neogobius melanostomus). Successful invaders like Carassius gibelio and Gambusia holbrooki disrupt native ecosystems via competition, predation, and hybridization. Spatial analysis identifies the Volga (36.17%) and Southern Caspian (31.91%) sub-basins as introduction hotspots. Southeast Asia (26.92%, n = 14) and North America (13.46%, n = 7) are the primary biogeographic donor regions. Historical records show that both deliberate and accidental introductions have significantly altered trophic webs and endemic populations. Critical knowledge gaps persist for certain taxa (e.g., Carassius spp.). The synthesis was conducted following a systematic literature search, underscoring the urgent need for strengthened biosecurity, enhanced early detection, and coordinated transboundary management to counteract the negative effects and mitigate ongoing ecological and economic consequences, providing a critical, evidence-based foundation for conservation policy.