<p>We examined how environmental and spatial distances influence Odonata distribution by comparing lentic and lotic water bodies, the latter with larger environmental gradients and spatial distances. We expected (i) distinctive species composition between lotic and lentic water bodies; (ii) higher beta diversity and turnover within lotic waters compared to lentic waters; (iii) that environmental distances would be more influential in lotic waters and spatial distances in lentic waters. We sampled Odonata adults and environmental variables in 23 lotic and 19 lentic water bodies within a protected area, using overland distance to assess spatial structure. Both water body types exhibited contrasting environmental conditions and species composition, although some species were habitat generalists. Beta diversity was predominantly due to turnover and was higher in lentic water bodies. Environmental and spatial distances influenced beta diversity and turnover across the metacommunity; however, these relationships were not observed when we analyzed each water body type separately. Our findings highlight that environmental variation sustains significant Odonata diversity, providing dispersal pathways and adequate habitats, enhancing species persistence. Sets of different freshwater environments form heterogeneous networks, which are sources of aquatic organisms. Therefore, we recommend including several aquatic environments in conservation planning and biodiversity monitoring of protected areas.</p>