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<p>The matrinxã (<i>Brycon amazonicus</i>) is a key species in both commercial and subsistence fisheries, as well as Amazonian aquaculture. Despite its economic relevance and broad distribution, little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, we analyzed individuals from eight localities across the Brazilian Amazon basin using the mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene and 10 microsatellite loci to assess genetic diversity and population structure. The results indicate that <i>B. amazonicus</i> has maintained a relatively stable population size. Genetic analyses revealed the presence of two distinct populations: one widely distributed across seven localities in the western Amazon, and a second, more genetically divergent and less diverse population, restricted to Santarém in the eastern Amazon. These findings highlight the need for expanded sampling in the eastern region to fully characterize population structure. Given the increasing demand for <i>B. amazonicus</i> in aquaculture, ongoing genetic monitoring of both wild and farmed populations is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability and conservation of this important fishery resource in the Amazon basin.</p>

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Assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of an economically important Amazonian fish Brycon amazonicus (Bryconidae, Characiformes)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Sarah Ventura Carvalho,
  • Edvaldo Mota,
  • Roberta Oliveira,
  • Maria da Conceição Santos,
  • Tomas Hrbek,
  • Izeni Pires Farias

摘要

The matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) is a key species in both commercial and subsistence fisheries, as well as Amazonian aquaculture. Despite its economic relevance and broad distribution, little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, we analyzed individuals from eight localities across the Brazilian Amazon basin using the mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene and 10 microsatellite loci to assess genetic diversity and population structure. The results indicate that B. amazonicus has maintained a relatively stable population size. Genetic analyses revealed the presence of two distinct populations: one widely distributed across seven localities in the western Amazon, and a second, more genetically divergent and less diverse population, restricted to Santarém in the eastern Amazon. These findings highlight the need for expanded sampling in the eastern region to fully characterize population structure. Given the increasing demand for B. amazonicus in aquaculture, ongoing genetic monitoring of both wild and farmed populations is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability and conservation of this important fishery resource in the Amazon basin.