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<p>The biogeographic division of the Brazilian coast has been subject of debates, with alternative hypotheses proposing different borders between provinces or ecoregions. To test these hypotheses, we used halacarid mites, a common component of marine meiofauna, well suited for this task due to their low mobility and absence of a planktonic dispersal stage. We sequenced one mitochondrial and two nuclear markers from 427 individuals belonging to three morphologically identified species (<i>Agauopsis bilophus</i>, <i>A. legionium</i>, and <i>Rhombognathus levigatoides</i>) from 47 localities. Our data resolved the key question regarding the location of the boundary between the Tropical and Warm Temperate provinces, identifying it at the Abrolhos Plateau (~ 15–20°&#xa0;S)—a region that also serves as a transitional zone between the two provinces. The southern boundary of this plateau, where the Vitória-Trindade Ridge (~ 20°&#xa0;S) meets the continent, functions as a biogeographic barrier by deflecting surface currents. This division was strongly supported by the phylogeographic patterns observed in <i>A. bilophus</i> and <i>R. levigatoides</i>, with each forming species-level sister clades, corresponding to these biogeographic provinces. Our data also point to the following subregions: Amazonian from 4°&#xa0;N to ~ 2.5°&#xa0;S; Northeast from ~ 2.5 to ~ 7–13°&#xa0;S; East from this point to Abrolhos Plateau (~ 15°&#xa0;S); the Abrolhos from ~ 15 to ~ 20°&#xa0;S; and the Southeast/South from ~ 20°&#xa0;S southward.</p>

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Testing bioregionalization hypotheses of the Brazilian coast using phylogeography of marine mites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月6日

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  • Almir Rogério Pepato,
  • Brenda Karolina Gomes-Almeida,
  • Teofania Heloisa Dutra Amorim Vidigal,
  • Samuel Geremias dos Santos Costa,
  • Pavel Borisovich Klimov

摘要

The biogeographic division of the Brazilian coast has been subject of debates, with alternative hypotheses proposing different borders between provinces or ecoregions. To test these hypotheses, we used halacarid mites, a common component of marine meiofauna, well suited for this task due to their low mobility and absence of a planktonic dispersal stage. We sequenced one mitochondrial and two nuclear markers from 427 individuals belonging to three morphologically identified species (Agauopsis bilophus, A. legionium, and Rhombognathus levigatoides) from 47 localities. Our data resolved the key question regarding the location of the boundary between the Tropical and Warm Temperate provinces, identifying it at the Abrolhos Plateau (~ 15–20° S)—a region that also serves as a transitional zone between the two provinces. The southern boundary of this plateau, where the Vitória-Trindade Ridge (~ 20° S) meets the continent, functions as a biogeographic barrier by deflecting surface currents. This division was strongly supported by the phylogeographic patterns observed in A. bilophus and R. levigatoides, with each forming species-level sister clades, corresponding to these biogeographic provinces. Our data also point to the following subregions: Amazonian from 4° N to ~ 2.5° S; Northeast from ~ 2.5 to ~ 7–13° S; East from this point to Abrolhos Plateau (~ 15° S); the Abrolhos from ~ 15 to ~ 20° S; and the Southeast/South from ~ 20° S southward.