Genetic diversity and expansion routes of the invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in Eastern Europe
摘要
The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae), is one of the most aggressive and actively spreading freshwater species worldwide. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and dispersal vectors of D. polymorpha from native and invasive populations using mtDNA COI and nuclear ITS2 sequences. We discovered a low level of the COI haplotype diversity in the studied populations of D. polymorpha, which is consistent with previous research. Similar results were obtained during the analysis of nuclear marker (ITS2). The modeling results within an approximate Bayesian computation framework suggests that invasive populations of D. polymorpha in the White Sea Basin originated from the Caspian Basin. Furthermore, our data confirmed that the Baltic Sea populations of this species originated from the Black Sea Basin. We also demonstrate that the Azov Sea was a possible secondary source for the origin of non-native Baltic and White Seas populations of D. polymorpha.