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<p>This study assessed the compounded interactions between flood exposure and food insecurity in Tahirpur Upazila, Bangladesh. Grounded in social–ecological systems and resilience theory, this study conceptualizes flood-induced food insecurity as an emergent interaction of exposure, livelihood sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, and develops the Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI), Food Security Index (FSI), and integrated Flood-Based Food Vulnerability Index (FBFVI) using household surveys (<i>n</i> = 484), geospatial indicators, and qualitative evidence analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). PCA showed that the FVI was driven by exposure (57.4%) and sensitivity (38.3%), while the FSI was primarily explained by availability (45.1%) and accessibility (37.8%). Spatial modeling revealed that 31% of the upazila was highly flood-prone, 18.5% experienced high food insecurity, and &gt; 30% fell into high FBFVI classes. Hotspot analysis identified over 50&#xa0;km² of compounded high-risk zones. SEM demonstrated strong explanatory power (R² ≈ 0.72), with adaptive capacity increasing resilience (β = 2.12, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), sensitivity reducing it (β = −5.16, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and food security lowering compound vulnerability (β = −0.66, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Qualitative findings confirmed systemic constraints, including inequitable relief, exclusionary credit, fragile infrastructure, insufficient storage, and weak early-warning systems. High-FBFVI communities reported meal reduction and post-flood microloan dependency. Tahirpur Sadar, Dakshin Sreepur, and Balijuri emerged as critical hotspots. The findings offer a transferable framework for assessing compound risks and strengthening adaptive infrastructure, equitable food systems, and community preparedness, showing how food insecurity intensifies flood hardship and guiding resilience-focused, globally aligned policies.</p>

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Socio-Ecological Dimensions of Flood–Food Risks: A Multi-Index Assessment of Household Resilience and Vulnerability in a Climate-Sensitive Wetland of Bangladesh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Fahmida Jaman,
  • Zia Ahmed,
  • Rony Basak

摘要

This study assessed the compounded interactions between flood exposure and food insecurity in Tahirpur Upazila, Bangladesh. Grounded in social–ecological systems and resilience theory, this study conceptualizes flood-induced food insecurity as an emergent interaction of exposure, livelihood sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, and develops the Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI), Food Security Index (FSI), and integrated Flood-Based Food Vulnerability Index (FBFVI) using household surveys (n = 484), geospatial indicators, and qualitative evidence analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). PCA showed that the FVI was driven by exposure (57.4%) and sensitivity (38.3%), while the FSI was primarily explained by availability (45.1%) and accessibility (37.8%). Spatial modeling revealed that 31% of the upazila was highly flood-prone, 18.5% experienced high food insecurity, and > 30% fell into high FBFVI classes. Hotspot analysis identified over 50 km² of compounded high-risk zones. SEM demonstrated strong explanatory power (R² ≈ 0.72), with adaptive capacity increasing resilience (β = 2.12, p < 0.001), sensitivity reducing it (β = −5.16, p < 0.001), and food security lowering compound vulnerability (β = −0.66, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings confirmed systemic constraints, including inequitable relief, exclusionary credit, fragile infrastructure, insufficient storage, and weak early-warning systems. High-FBFVI communities reported meal reduction and post-flood microloan dependency. Tahirpur Sadar, Dakshin Sreepur, and Balijuri emerged as critical hotspots. The findings offer a transferable framework for assessing compound risks and strengthening adaptive infrastructure, equitable food systems, and community preparedness, showing how food insecurity intensifies flood hardship and guiding resilience-focused, globally aligned policies.