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<p>As wolves recolonize human-dominated landscapes across Europe, managing risks amidst increasing reports of close encounters becomes essential. We present a retrospective, multidisciplinary analysis of a case from Poland involving the removal of a wolf for bold behavior toward humans. Our findings suggest that the wolf’s unusual actions were influenced by prior captivity exposure, as evidenced by a dietary shift from domestic to wild meats and genetic connections to a region known for captive rearing. Camera-trap data showed that during the wolf’s presence, local pack activity peaked, with a notable rise in single-wolf detections, contrasting with patterns during a control season without the case wolf. Although the threat to human safety was minimal, a public survey highlighted concerns about wolf-dog interactions. We advise evaluating bold wolves on a case-by-case basis, incorporating ecological and social evidence into investigations, and emphasizing human responsibility in preventing undesirable wolf behaviors.</p>

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Anatomy of a ‘Problem Wolf’: A Multidisciplinary Study from Białowieża, Poland

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Katharina Kasper,
  • Elise Say-Sallaz,
  • Kinga M. Stępniak,
  • Piotr Chibowski,
  • Maciej T. Sykut,
  • Tomasz Kamiński,
  • Jose M. Vila López,
  • Rafał Kowalczyk,
  • Krzysztof Schmidt,
  • Dries P. J. Kuijper

摘要

As wolves recolonize human-dominated landscapes across Europe, managing risks amidst increasing reports of close encounters becomes essential. We present a retrospective, multidisciplinary analysis of a case from Poland involving the removal of a wolf for bold behavior toward humans. Our findings suggest that the wolf’s unusual actions were influenced by prior captivity exposure, as evidenced by a dietary shift from domestic to wild meats and genetic connections to a region known for captive rearing. Camera-trap data showed that during the wolf’s presence, local pack activity peaked, with a notable rise in single-wolf detections, contrasting with patterns during a control season without the case wolf. Although the threat to human safety was minimal, a public survey highlighted concerns about wolf-dog interactions. We advise evaluating bold wolves on a case-by-case basis, incorporating ecological and social evidence into investigations, and emphasizing human responsibility in preventing undesirable wolf behaviors.