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<p>We summarize the current understanding of the Justinianic or First Plague Pandemic (c. 542–750) in the Iberian Peninsula. The region remains understudied regarding this series of bubonic plague outbreaks, mainly due to its geographic periphery and limited written sources. This scarcity challenges scholars to synthesize multiple types of evidence, making it an important case study in working with indirect evidence of plague. We start by reviewing the written sources that directly mention the plague and the timeline of outbreaks based on them. Next, we discuss texts that provide indirect evidence or reflect changing mentalities, such as church councils, hagiographies, and hymns. Then, we present findings from the archaeology of mass graves, new archaeogenetic research, paleoenvironmental proxies, and ceramic evidence of economic crisis, ending with a reflection on how to interpret these diverse sources.</p>

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The Justinianic Pandemic in the Iberian Peninsula

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Henry Gruber,
  • Andrew Kurt,
  • Neil Roberts,
  • Gunnar U. Neumann,
  • Teresa Ximénez de Embún Sánchez,
  • Susana Gómez-González

摘要

We summarize the current understanding of the Justinianic or First Plague Pandemic (c. 542–750) in the Iberian Peninsula. The region remains understudied regarding this series of bubonic plague outbreaks, mainly due to its geographic periphery and limited written sources. This scarcity challenges scholars to synthesize multiple types of evidence, making it an important case study in working with indirect evidence of plague. We start by reviewing the written sources that directly mention the plague and the timeline of outbreaks based on them. Next, we discuss texts that provide indirect evidence or reflect changing mentalities, such as church councils, hagiographies, and hymns. Then, we present findings from the archaeology of mass graves, new archaeogenetic research, paleoenvironmental proxies, and ceramic evidence of economic crisis, ending with a reflection on how to interpret these diverse sources.